The types of breathing patterns:
1. Eupnea: Normal breathing at a rate of 12-20 bpm = normal physiology
2. Apnea: No breathing = respiratory or cardiac arrest
3. Bradycardia: Slow breathing, slow respiratory rate or less than 10 bpm = normal during sleep, brain tumors, diabetic coma, drugs (alcohol, narcotics), increased intracraneal pressure, metabolic acidosis, uremia
4. Tachypnea: Increased respiratory rate (greater than 25 bpm), regular rythm = anxiety (asthmatic), atelectasis, brain lesions, drugs (aspirin), exercise, fear, fever, hypercapnia, hypoxemia, hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, obesity, pain
5. Hypopnea: decreased depth with normal rate and rhythm = circulatory failure, meningitis, unconsciousness
6. Hyperpnea: increased depth, normal rate and rhythm = exertion, fever, pain, respiratory disease
7. Apneustic: Long gasping inspirations with insufficient expiration = lesions in the pneumotaxic center
8. Biot's: Fast and deep breaths with periods of apnea, no set rhythm = spinal meningitis, increased ICP, lesions or disease
9. Cheyne stokes: increased breaths (rate and depth) then decreasing breaths followed by periods of apnea (20-60 seconds) = normal in newborns and aged, CHF, aortic valve session, dissecting aneurysm, increased CO2 sensitivity, meningitis, increased ICP, cerebral anoxia, drug overdose (morphine), renal failure
10. Kussmaul's: Fast deep breaths like sighs with no expiratory phase = DKA, severe hemorrhage, peritonitis, renal failure, uremia
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