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DR Creed: How much medicine to give

Date:  7/11/2003
To: R. Smart, Director of Cardiopulmonary Department
From:  Dr. False, ER physician, M.D., Medical Director
Re:  Combining nebulized solutions

Memo:  Thank you for bringing to my attention lack of scientific evidence to support the efficacy of combining nebulized solutions. We have such great medicines like Atrovent, Mucomyst and Pulmicort, and now we must come up with a policy for when to administer such medicines.  


In lieu of any scientific evidence, we've decided we must follow the progressive strategy of using a one size fits all policy for treating pulmonary ailments.  Our old policy created in 1960 was as follows:
  1. Treat all annoying lung sounds with a bronchodilator
  2. Treat all lung diseases with a bronchodilator
With all these new medicines we must now consider the following strategy for determining how many medicines to combine with the bronchodilator:
  1. One medicine is good
  2. Two medicines are great
  3. Three medicines are even better.
We shall here on out refer to this strategy as the throw everything in the neb with the belief that it's gotta do something.  Think of it this way:  "What else can I put into that neb?"

Again, there is no science, but this strategy sounds good.  If it sounds good and makes you feel good it must be fact and it must work.  

It is important to remember not to listen to respiratory therapy mumbling and grumbling things like the following:
  • The patient's already full of secretions and is coughing up plenty, why add mucomyst and add more secretions?
  • The patient's lung sounds are clear so why do we need mucomyst?
  • I was taught in RT school that Atrovent should be given non more frequently than every four hours.
  • I was taught in RT school that Atrovent is not a rescue medicine to be used in the ER.
Please, ignore such pesky whines.  This is merely an attempt by RTs to waddle at our autonomy.  If you hear such a complaint, or if you "feel" like you need to do something, add one of the following medications to the bronchodilator:
  • Atrovent
  • Mucomyst
  • Pulmicort
  • Brovana
Remember our slogan:  the more the merrier.



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Why do we listen to lungsounds?

If you thought this was going to be a thought provoking post about why we listen to lungsounds you better stop reading now.  The theme of this post is more of a why-do-we-bother theme.

How many times have you seen a doctor exam a patient without even touching his stethoscope, then walk out of the room and order breathing treatments?  If I had a dollar for every time that's happened I'd be rich. 

A nurse paged me to examine a patient on the medical/surgical floor, and I heard crackles in the patient's lung bases.  I provided my expert advice to the nurse that the patient sounded wet and probably needed a diuretic rather than a bronchodilator. 

Since I was concerned about the patient I stayed at the patient's side.  Even thought the patient was dyspneic we had a nice discussion.  In a way, it was my job to allay the patient's fears by getting her to think about other things.  I sat by the patient's bedside for thirty minutes before the nurse came back in with an order for a breathing treatment of 0.5cc Albuterol.

To me this was a slap in the face. Here I'm called for my professional assessment skills and my recommendation is completely ignored.  And the doctor orders a bronchodilator without even using his stethoscope. 

So this brings me to my quesiton:  Why do we listen to lungsounds?  It doesn't matter what the person sounds like.  The person could be wheezing, have rhonchi, crackles, rubs, coarseness in the throat, stridor, clear, or ribbits and all generally result in a bronchodilator with assessment or sans assessment.

If all annoying lungsounds result in a bronchodilator, then why bother to listen to lungsounds at all?  If a doctor can decide a bronchodilator is indicated by a simple phone conversation with a nurse, then why are respiratory services recommended? 

I'm not saying you shouldn't listen to lungsounds, because you should.  Please share your similar stories.


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What's the best way to do weaning parameters

When I was in RT School back in 1995 the Bennet 7200 was the most popular ventilator and some of the newer ones provided the ability to do weaning parameters on the machine without even disconnecting the patient from the ventilator.  Our teacher said doing parameters on the ventilator was a bad idea.

He said it was a bad idea because the parameters would be not as good as if the patient were taken off the ventilator.  For example, if you would get a 500 tidal volume by doing the parameters off the vent, you'd get a 450 on the vent.  For NIF it would be the same:  the value while on the vent will be less than if you did it by hand with the patient off the ventilator.

Fifteen years later we are fifteen years wiser.  And I have to say I agree with my teacher that weaning parameters on the vent are a litte less.  However, I don't agree that it's less effective.  Now that we have the Servo i's we are able to do all parameters (VT, NIF and FVC) without even disconnecting the patient from the vent.

As a rule, as long as everyone does it the same way, that's all that matters.  If my coworker does parameters one morning and gets a 400 tidal volume off the vent, and the next day I use the vent and get a 350, my 350 doesn't look so good.  It looks like the patient is going in the wrong direction.

However, if we both would have done it the same way, then we would have known  the patient was consistently getting the same tidal volumes.  So consistency is the key.

At our hospital we have a protocol that if the ETT is 7.5 or greater we put the patient on a PEEP of 5 and a PS of zero, and if the ETT is smaller than 7.5 we use a PEEP of 5 and a PS of 5 to make up for the resistance of the ETT.  We all use the Servo i (if the patient is on that ventilator).  All parameters this way are consistent because we're all doing them the same way.

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Did Dick Cheney deserve a new heart?

Former Vice President Dick Cheney continues to have a healthy spirit, a joy of living, an eagerness to live, and a good quality of life -- even at the age of 71. He and his physicians decided he was a viable candidate for a heart transplant.  After waiting 20 months, a heart transplant he received.  And all goes well, or so we are told.

Except, some are claiming he was too old, and that someone else should have received that heart.  Some say he gained special favors due to his status.  Some even are as farfetched to say he's too conservative to deserve a new heart.  These few believe that a "rule" should be set in place that doesn't allow a doctor, patient and insurance company the right to add a patient to the heart transplant list who is above a certain age.  These people believe "they" should decide who lives and dies, and not the patient.  I believe the term some use for this is "death panels."

Instead, they believe people who are too old  should just "take the painkiller," as Obama said to Jane Sturm when she asked him in June, 2009, if he would let her 100 year old mother, who could afford it, and had a "spirit" and a will to live, get a pacemaker. 

Obama said:  " I don't think that we can make judgments based on people's 'spirit.'  Uh, that'd be, uh, a pretty subjective decision to be making.  I think we have to have rules that say that we are gonna provide good quality care for all people.  End-of-life care is one of the most difficult sets of decisions that we're gonna have to make.  But understand that those decisions are already being made in one way or the other.  If they're not being made under Medicare and Medicaid, they're being made by private insurers.  At least we can let doctors, you know  -- and your mom know -- that, you know what, maybe this isn't gonna help.  Maybe you're better off not having the surgery but taking, uh, the painkiller.

For his fame and fortune, Cheney earned no special favors.  While the average wait for a heart transplant is three to six months, Cheney waited 20 months to get his.  And it wasn't like he broke the rules to get on the list.  In the past there was an age limit of 55, yet age is no longer a determining factor.

The qualification now is good kidney health, no stroke history, and a good quality of life.  So as long as the physician, insurance company and the patient think it's a good idea, then any person, regardless of age, qualifies for a heart transplant. 

This is a good thing, I think, because a new heart can buy a person, on average, six to seven years of quality life.  Surely there are complications to getting a heart transplant, the least of which is taking medicine every day to prevent your body from rejecting the heart.  Yet if you love life, it should be YOUR decision to make, not some rules made by some non-medical workers who sat in leather chairs in Washington 20 years ago. 

Yet this is where Cheney's new heart enters the realms of politics.  Many claim that Cheney made a selfish decision and he should have just "taken a painkiller."  He should have just let himself die.  Yet he didn't.  In our free society, he was able to choose to live.  I think this is good.  I think the decision to live should be made by the individual person, not a set of criteria, order sets, rules, or what not.

This is where I have a problem with Obamacare.  Once Obamacare is fully enacted, and the government is paying for health care, they are going to want to cut costs.  This is when costs will matter.  The government will set criteria for who will live and who will die.  It may not be passed by law, but it will happen by default.  It will happen because healthcare is expensive, and Uncle Sam will want to lower his costs.

Why do I think this? Because i't already happens as Obama noted in his statement above.  Look at Medicare and Medicaid and Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs).  They already tried to cut costs by setting criteria for hospital admissions and criteria for reimbursement.  No matter how sick you are, your doctor or hospital will not be reimbursed unless you meet certain criteria.

In this way, to meet such criteria, we now have order sets.  When you are admitted, certain procedures and tests are "automatically" ordered based on your diagnosis. They are called core measures, intensity of service, and order sets.  Since I've already discussed these in the links provided I won't go into further detail here.  Yet what treatment you get when you are sick is not always what your doctor thinks is best for you, but what the "rules" say you must get.

When you're flipping your own bill you get to decide the future course of your medical treatment.  However, when your mother -- which in this case will be the government -- is flipping the bill, she gets to make decisions for you.  Since she's flipping the bill, you have to follow her rules.  And with Medicaid, we already do this.  We have rules.  We have criteria.  We have many, many, many, many things that are ordered that you will never need, but we will do them just because someone sitting in a chair in Washington decided you needed it, in many cases, years before you were ever even sick.

In the future such "criteria" may determine whether you get that pacemaker or heart transplant, I think this is bad, scary even, because it results in a sheet of paper deciding your treatment, rather than caregivers and family members at the bedside, and despite the spirit, desire to live, and wishes of the patient. 

The bottom line here is what I have been preaching all along on this blog since it's inception in October of 2007:  decisions about how to proceed with patient care should be made by the physician, family and patient, not by set of rules and guidelines.  Every patient should be treated individually, not as a collective.  I say this because every patient is unique; every patient is an individual, not a number.

So did Dick Cheney deserve a new heart?  If he has the desire to live, and the means of funding it, then YES HE DID!  It's not up to you or me to decide what's best for Dick Cheney, it's up to Dick Cheney.  That's my humble opinion, what is yours?
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The link between high fat foods and asthma

The following is from healthcentral.com/asthma.

"Can Eating High-Fat Foods Trigger Asthma?" (originally published on 5/3/11)

American's love Big Macs, Whoppers, French fries, onion rings and deep fried chicken.  These are convenient foods that are simply delicious.  Yet the old saying goes, "If it tastes good, it's probably not good for you."

Now we already knew such high-fat foods are bad for your heart.  Yet new evidence suggests they may also be bad for your lungs.

A study completed by Australian researchers in 2010 tested asthmatics before and after eating a meal, and determined that lung function was worse after eating a high-fat meal.

If that wasn't bad enough, the study also concluded that high-fat foods also made it so asthma rescue medicine (like Albuterol) worked less well.

Scientists aren't sure why this is, yet there are theories.  One theory suggests that your asthmatic immune system might recognize saturated fat as an enemy and promptly acts to rid it from your system.

This response results in an increase in markers of inflammation such as leukotrienes and hystamine, and these increase inflammation in your respiratory tract.  This causes muscles lining your air passages to constrict, and thus an asthma attack is the result.

Perhaps due to the increased inflammation, asthmatics who used their rescue medicine after eating a high-fat meal did not get as much relief as those who ate low-fat meals.   Likewise, lung function improved less in subjects who used their rescue medicine after eating high-fat meals.

Obviously asthma rates have increased incrementally in the U.S. and other western nations over the past 20 years.  This new theory suggests one of the factors might be the high-fat foods we put into our bodies.

I've also read other studies that suggest that if you're exposed to something that triggers inflammation in your lungs, and exposed to it often enough, the inflammation may become permanent.  Thus, asthma is developed.

It's studies like this that remind us that the way we eat may determine the lives we live.  If you want to prevent asthma, or prevent an asthma flare, it may be a good idea to eat a healthy diet.

Does that mean we asthmatics should never eat great tasting, convenient and high-fat foods?  Absolutely not.  Yet it's good to know the facts, and it's good to know what foods might not be good for us.
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The parable of the weeds

When it comes to death we only have two choices:  heaven or hell.  We can be good and get to Heaven, or we can be bad and go to hell.  As a respiratory therapist I find that those patients who believe in Heaven are much more likely to be enjoyable patients as they take the final walk to the pearly gates.

Jesus talks about the parable of the weeds (Matthew 12: 24-43) in which a farmer plants only good seeds in good soil.  The enemy of the farmer plants weeds among the seeds one night.  The crops come up eventually and so do the weeds.  The son of the farmer said, "should I pull the weeds?"

The farmer said," No.  If you pull the weeds the good plants will come up too.  So I'd like you to allow the weeds to grow with the crops and when it's time to pick the crops pull the weeds first and wire them up so we can burn them.  Then we'll pick the crops and put them in my barn."

This is me paraphrasing the parable.  To get the full story you can check out the Bible.  Yet Jesus later explained the parable.  The enemy was Satan and the weeds were evil people who will be burned in hell.  The crops were the good people who walk among evil people are are often tempted by them.  The good crops will spend eternity in God's barn.

I can use myself as a good example here.  I used to never swear and prided myself on this fact.  Then one day I was among friends who swore a lot and I found myself swearing.  I felt guilty doing so, yet I continued to do it.  Within the next year I found myself swearing often.

Basically I was influenced by something and it blossomed in the wrong way.  One small incidence caused me to do something I didn't want to do and I went with it.  So I had to slowly wean myself away from this bad habit.

Now swearing is yet a small thing, yet it does tell a lot about a person by what comes out of his mouth.  All it takes is one little thing to set a person on the wrong path, and we must all be careful.  One little event, one small lie, leads to bigger lies, bigger acts of evil, and greater sins.  This is the path to hell.

Yet even as we see ourselves blooming in the wrong way, and we are aware of it, we can remedy the situation.  It may take years, it may take counseling, yet any life is capable of changing to the righteous path.  A good example is the alcoholic who turns his life around to do good, or the drug addict who makes an example of himself and sets his life straight.

The path to Heaven is not easy, yet it makes you a much better person, and much more enjoyable person to be around to the day you finally do die.

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Dr's Creed: Aerosolized Medication Storage

Memo:  Aerosolized Medication Storage
From:  Dr. Sloof Lirpa, Medical Director
To:  Dr. Glenn Tolin, Director of Cardiopulmonary Services
Date:  May 21, 2011

We have decided that due to new policies set forth by healthcare regulation authorities, all aerosolized medication must be locked up from now on until it is needed for use on a patient.  At no point must an RT carry aerosolized medication on his posession.  In other words, they can't be trusted.

Ventolin needs to be locked up because.... it is such a dangerous medication.  In the wrong hands it could cause serious problems, such as increased mental acuity.  In the hands of the wrong person this could result in dangerous consequences.

God forbit the wrong person catch his breath.  God forbid an RT have an extra vial of Ventolin in his or her pocket.  God forbid RTs walk 20 miles a day as it is, and if we can increase that all the better.  This new policy will force RTs to add another 10 miles to their daily journies.  That will be good as it will help shut them up. 

Likewise, if we can make them walk far to the pyxis between every patient this will help burn them out so they don't feel like annoying us with stupid RT wisdom.  This RT burnout is an anticipated bonus to locking aerosolized medicine up. 


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What is agonal breathing?

Your question:  What is agonal breathing? 

My humble answer:  Agonal breathing is inadequate breaths or gasps.  According to the Medical Priority Dispatch System agonal breathing is determined by watching a person breathe.  "If the time betwen breaths is 10 seconds or more, this should immediately be considered INEFFECTIVE BREATHING that is likely a fading, AGONAL (dying) respiratory pattern."  Agonal breathing is a sign of a very recent cardiac arrest.  If you observe agonal breathing you should consider the patient in complete respiratory arrest and treat the patient by providing positive pressure breaths with an AMBU bag. 

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Are lungs affected by stress?

The following is from healthcentral.com/asthma.

How Are the Lungs Affected by Stress? (originally published on 4/26/11)

"You're just like everybody else... Pressure!"

So sang Billy Joel in  his 1982 hit.  Joel also has asthma.  Perhaps he didn't know pressure (stress) can affect the lungs, or he might have added this little tid bit to his song.

"His asthma hit... He felt like a fish out of water... Pressure!"  He may have added to the song.

Yet while asthma can cause pressure, pressure can also be an asthma trigger.  New studies also show that pressure can also cause one to develop asthma.  How could this be, you wonder?

Well, it's really not a new theory, as in the 19th century and until the 1950s many asthma experts (like Henry Hyde Salter) believed asthma was all in your head, that is was caused by stress, anxiety and depression.

Thankfully modern wisdom has proven asthma is not all in your head.  Yet as we look at some newer studies, experts like Dr. Salter weren't as wrong as some of us might want to think.

Consider the following studies:
  • This 2009 study shows that kids with stressed and anxious parents were 50 percent more likely to develop asthma, or at least when exposed to pollutants.
  • This 2010 study shows that stress from work increases your risk of developing asthma by up to 40 percent over those who are not stressed at work.
  • This 2004 study showed a link between the levels of high stress and asthma
  • This 2008 study links child abuse with asthma, showing that children stressed due to child abuse were twice as likely to develop asthma as compared to non-abused children.
  • This 2010 study found that prenatal stress can increase the risk of a child developing asthma later in life.
  • This  2010 study shows that asthmatics are 50 percent more likely to have anxiety and depression compared to those who do not have asthma.   
Why the link?  Experts believe increased stress and anxious thoughts cause the body to release harmful chemicals that increase inflammation in the lungs.  Thus, if a child is continuously exposed to a stressful environment, this inflammation can become permanent.  This is asthma.

Likewise, this sets up an environment inside the lungs so that when the person is exposed to asthma triggers (like pollution) later on, these kids are more likely to develop asthma or allergies.

A similar theory is that stress caused by abuse depletes supplies of the hormone cortisol, which helps reduce inflammation in the lungs.  With low levels of cortisol, the harmful chemicals released due to stress are likely to have free reign.

Prenatal stress, on the other hand, effects an unborn childs immune system development, and, later in life, this can cause the child's immune system to have an un-natural response to environmental triggers (like pollution or allergens), and this increases the risk of developing asthma later in life.

We all face challenges, and that means we all face pressure. Without challenges comes no stress. Yet without challenges life would be boring. So to make life interesting we all need stress.

Some stress is avoidable.  Yet other stress is not.  For instance, there is a high rate of asthma in poverty situations.  It's possible one of the reasons is that poverty increases stress.

Still, while you can't get rid of all pressure in your life, you can learn to cope with it. Here are some tips to help you relieve stress to help your lungs:
    1. Exercise: This may be the best stress reducer.  It's also proven to reduce feelings of depression and anxiety.
    2. Eat healthy: Junk food can make you feel, well, junky
    3. Get enough sleep: Experts recommend at least seven to eight hours of sleep
    4. Get organized: Plan your day.  Feeling in control can help you feel better about yourself.
    5. Learn to relax: Something what really helps me is progressive relaxation.
    6. Avoid stress: You can't avoid it all, yet you can avoid those things that cause the most stress in your life.
    7. Seek help: Talk to family and friends and try to find ways to reduce stress.  Or talk to experts.
"You have to learn to pace yourself... Pressure!" Joel's song notes.  So true! This simple advice might actually prevent asthma.
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Saying Goodbye

At Klingberg we are saying goodbye to many people and many things at many levels. We are closing several of our residential programs, discharging our kids, and laying off some of our staff. It is a sad time.

I am completely committed to the principle of supporting kids in family homes whenever possible. We are developing several new programs to aid that effort. I am excited about these new possibilities.
However, it is the end of an era for us. We did very good work in our residential programs. We used a trauma-informed, Risking Connection based approach. We love our kids. We have been looking through old pictures and marveling at all the wonderful things we did together: Boston trips, picnics, camping, fancy dinners, and all the everyday moments. As we look through the pictures we remember how much we learned from each child.
Klingberg has a reputation for excellent treatment of the most severely wounded children in our state. The children who came to us were lost in a morass of self-hatred and hopelessness. Because of their pain they often had to resort to extreme behaviors. We were okay with that. When David came out with blood streaming down his face from self inflicted wounds, the nurse calmly cleaned and bandaged his wounds, and his team mate calmly asked him what was wrong. When Autumn ran away, we welcomed her back and began working on safe places she could go when she was upset. When Dawn was aggressive and mean to staff, we made safety plans, and we didn’t turn against her and carefully reviewed her diary card about what led up to the event. When Sharon recently felt that her discharge plan was shaky and pulled the fire alarm, we understood that she was trying to get our attention in the best way she knew how. Because of the assets we have, we were able to stick with kids more or less whatever they did. And this led to an incredibly high number of ultimate positive discharges (around 90%) when they were finally able to feel safe and worthwhile. It is sad to see the treatment system we worked so hard to create be dismantled.
We are saying goodbye to some talented staff, and wish them well at our sister agencies that have been lucky enough to hire them. Some staff have moved to other Klingberg programs.
We are saying good bye to our present kids, some to placements we are confident about, some to ones we wonder about. For all we have sent them off with hope and support.
So many kids come back to Klingberg to visit and talk about what their stay meant to them. Jennifer brought her daughter and was overheard to say to her: “this is where Mommy became a person.” Now when the kids come back, who will they find?
It is sad to see the empty rooms.
We are trying to do good, careful goodbyes with everyone. We are acknowledging each others’ sadness. We are working hard on moving into the future.
One of our former Directors always used to say: “Change is hard. Change is good.”
I hope so.


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Welcome the easy solution with open arms

Dealing with anxieties that come with life can seem overwhelming at times.  Yet if we dig deep down to the basics of life, the solution may be easier than what we might think or feel at the time.

We as humans can take the things that happen to us and allow them to effect our lives.  We might even blame God and lash out at Him. Yet he thinks of us as children (Isaiah 49: 14-15) and welcomes us back with open arms and a smile.

As I sat in church today listening to the Priest, and my daughter was throwing a fit, it tended to make me want to beat the crap out of her.  Yet I didn't.  I did as the Priest described the Lord would do if I were to throw a fit and decide I hated him for letting something bad happen to me.  He would welcome me back with open arms.

This hit home with me only moments after the Priest talked about it, considering my daughter was sitting next to me refusing to sit the proper way, kicking her boots off and putting her coat over her head.  Yet I looked at  what was the #1 priority in my life, which is my relationship with God.

I decided that the most important thing for me to do in life is to keep my relationship with God strong. If you don't believe in God, then you can use God as a metaphor for values and virtues.  If you have values and virtues, if you have a strong relationship with God, everything else will fall into place.

We must not let the little things in life overwhelm us.  We must not let that our kids overwhelm us. We must not let a recession overwhelm us.  We must not worry about that of which really in the end doesn't matter -- like annoying doctors.

As Matthew writes (Matthew 6: 24-34), "This is why I tell you: do not be worried about the food and drink you need in order to stay alive, or about clothes for your body.  After all, isn't life worth more than food?  And isn't the body worth more than clothes?  Look at the bird:  they do not plant seeds, gather a harvest and put it in barns; yet your Father in heaven takes care of them!  Aren't you worth much more than birds?  Can any of you live a bit longer by worrying about it?"

All the stuff we worry about doesn't matter.  What matters most is our relationship with God.  In our times of trouble we must back up, take a deep breath, and reassure our faith with God.


Matthew 6 (24-34
Corinthians 4 (1-5)
Isaigh 49 (14-15)


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Faux Diagnosis Lexicon

Faux Diagnosis's:
The patient doesnt look quite rite, just make it up (faux it):


Idiopathic:  You have no clue of the cause. 

Nosocomial disease:  You developed it in the hospital.  Beware, the doctor may have faux't it.

Faux't it:  What a doctor says when he's tired of dealing with nagging and persistent patient's who insist there's something wrong with them.  It's the spontaneous dicision to fake the diagnosis to get the patient to shut up.  (Doctor #1 says:  "How did you come up with the diagnosis?"  Dr. #2 says:  "I faux't it."  See F-it.

Faux it:  A less bedecking way of saying Faux't it or F-it.  It's faking the diagnosis to suit the needs of the doctor and to satiate the persistent and pressing patient.   

F-it:  An abbreviated way of saying, "Faux't it."  Faking the diagnosis.  Not to be confused with Fu#$ it. "Rather than think, the doctor F'd it."


Faux Nosocomial Diseases: See trashcan diagnosis.  Are generally fake (pseudo, faux), disorders that one develops at the convenience of the physician, institution, insurance company, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaide Services in an attempt to lower government and insurance costs and ensure hospital reimbursement.

Trashcan diagnosis:  See Fake diagnosis and Faux Nosocomial disease. A made up diagnosis for idiopathic disorders. 

Fake diagnosis:  Trashcan diagnosis, faux diagnosis, faux nosocomial disease.  May result from any of the following:  1)  The patient pressing the doctor because "something must be wrong with me."  2)  The doctor is tired dealing with it and just wants to be done.  3)  Any attempt to name vague symptoms (i.e. the patient is short of breath is must be asthma).  4)  to meet admission criteria.  5)  To meet reimbursement criteria.

Faux diagnosis:  See fake diagnosis, trashcan diagnosis, Faux nosocomial disease

Faux Pneumonia:  Most common fake diagnosis of any patient admitted to the hospital.  It assures reimbursement criteria will be met so long as breathing treatments are ordered.  As you look at the chart you'll see no indications of pneumonia (no increased wbc count, normal x-ray, etc.).

Aspiration pneumonia:  Most common fake diagnosis of any nursing home, bed ridden, stroke patient in order to assure the patient meets admission and reimbursement criteria.  Any time the patient, or mother of a child perhaps, indicates water, swimming in a lake, or anything like that this is a good diagnosis in order to throw investigators off your track if they see pneumonia ordered too much

Faux obstructive lung disease:  This is nosocomial COPD.  It's degeneration of the lung tissue caused out of the convenience of the physician who wants to assure reimursement criteria and cover his bases.  The patient will deny short of breath, any respiratory history, and benefit from treatment.  Any patient with a history of smoking -- even just one cigarette -- must require breathing treatments.  See cigarbuterol.

Elective induction:  What the OB doctor orders when he doesn't want to be bothered over the weekend, has to go on vacation, or the mom is tired of being pregnant.  Any of the following may be the diagnosis:  faux diabetes, STOP syndrome, Impending macrosonia, pre eclampsia.


Faux Diabetes:  Most common Fake diagnosis for pregnant mothers with large or small fetus's who have to participate in a variety of testing only reimbursed under the diagnosis of diabetes.  As you look at the chart the patient shows no real history of diabetes.

Stop Syndrome (sick and tired of being pregnant):  Faux disorder when mom is complaining of symptoms of being pregnant and is ready for elective induction.

Imprending macrosonia:  Creatively lie that you think the baby is large so reimbursement criteria will be met for elective induction of labor for STOP syndrome.

Pre-eclampsia:  Mom never had a high blood pressure but mom tired of being pregnant, so to meet criteria the doctor just faux's a diagnosis.

Exaggeration of Asthma:  The patient fakes asthma so as to get a break from family, freinds, stress.

Nosocomial COPD:  See Faux obstructive lung disease.  The patient miraculously catches lung disease during admission to hospital.

Adrenal fatigue:  You have any of the following symptoms:  tired often, hate getting up in morning, exhausted on Mondays, need coffee and Coke to function, feeling run down, feeling stress.  If you have any of these otherwise normal symptoms you must have a disease, and we'll give it the faux name Adrenal fatigue. For more on this syndrome, click here.

Faux Bronchiolitis:  A meet criteria diagnosis for kids.  You have a kid in the ER who doesn't look quite right, or the mom is pressing you to admit the patient, or the patient has crummy parents and you question the parents are giving adequate care.  Symptoms may include cold or cough, annoying lung sounds.  Should alternate this diagnosis with faux pneumonitis

Faux pneumonitis:  Same as Faux bronchiolitis.  Again, you will find no evidence on x-ray.

Post election depression:  You're pissed because your guy lost.

Stomach flu:  The patient is nauseated and/ or vomiting and has symptoms of gastroenteritis and the patient is convinced he has the flu, so the doctor just goes with it.  There is no such thing as the stomach flu.

Pseudogout:  The patient complains of general pain (joint, shoulder, hip, back) and the doctor has run a gazillion tests that show up nothing.  The patient insists he has something, so the doctor gives in with this faux diagnosis just to shut the f-ing patient up.

Faux croup:  Usually diagnosed on adults with sleep apnea whereas the snoring or grunting is mistaken by nurses and/ or doctor as stridor.  This is a common post operative diagnosis when the patient with sleep apnea doesn't wake up right away from anesthesia and suffers from apnea episodes.

Faux bronchospasm:  The patient presents with annoying lung sounds that the nurse thinks are wheezes but are really stridor, rhonchi, rhales, crickets or snoring. So instead of thinking the nurse calls respiratory therapy for a breathing treatment.

Fulmonating Pulmonary Edema:  Sudden effuse onset of pink idiopathic pulmonary edema resulting in pink, frothy secretions

Cardiac asthma:  It's generally diagnosed as asthma sans the cardiac part because many nurses and doctors have no clue that all that wheezes is not asthma.  It's a wheeze caused by right or left heart failure that results in increased pulmonary pressure and pulmonary edema squeezing the bronchial tubes large and small resulting in a wheeze.  If the wheeze is audible it's cardiac asthma, yet on paper we'll just call it asthma (simpler that way) and order breathing Q4ever Albuterol. 

ABGbies:  A condition where an RT will become incesantly irritable when viewing a frivolous ABG order.

Fulmonating pulmonary edema:  A better word for heart failure causing pink frothy secretions.

Flash pulmonary edema:  Rapid onset heart failure causing fulmonary pulmonary edema.  It's a cover-your-ass-diagnosis for doctors to explain heart failure due to medical incompitence.  No patient suddenly goes into heart failure without showing signs.  If the doctor or nurse misses the signs, this is the default diagnosis.  It works well in courts.

Plamonia:  (n) A faux diagnosis of pneumonia for a patient admitted to the hospital awaiting placement to a nursing home; pneumonia for pacement

Koff-monia:  Faux Pneumonia diagnosis because the patient had a cough and wasn't sick enough for a real diagnosis.
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What's the dumbest doctor order?

Your humble question:  What's the dumbest doctor order ever?  Do you get a lot of stupid doctor orders.

My humble answer:  I think the dumbest order I can think of was when we were informed a short of breath patient was coming in by ambulance and the doctor ordered a continuous breathing treatment as soon as the patient arrived.  The patient arrived and, based on my assessment, the patient did not present with bronchospasm.  Air movement was good except over one region of the lungs, and the patient had a history of pneumos. I asked the doctor if she still wanted a continuous, and he said, "I ordered it, didn't I?  So here I spent an hour doing a treatment on a person because she had a collapsed lung.  And the doctor ordered it before even assessing the patient. 

Another patient came in with all the signs of heart failure.  She had dyspnea and cardiac wheeze.  The doctor ordered back to back breathing treatments and then Q1 after that.  So before she even assessed the patient to determine if a bronchodilator was effective she's decided the patient still needs one every hour after that.  My philosophy is that if a patient is still short of breath two hours after being admitted with CHF the doctor should be fired.  Yet no one ever questions doctor orders, and I didn't want to be the first. (Although I did recently question a disrespectful physician here).

You can pretty much click on the humor tab above to get a plethora of examples of stupid doctor orders. 
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The RT/ doctor relationship

I have learned in my years as a respiratory therapist that the reliance of most physicians on my and my fellow RTs understanding of equipment used on patients, many times to keep the patient alive and to buy the physician time of which to fix the patient's underlying disease process, has formed a strong bond between me and many of these physicians.

Many times I have called a physician in the middle of the night to propose an idea or a concern I have, and many times the physician has listened to me knowing I wouldn't call in the middle of the night just to chit chat.  Sometimes the physician agrees with me, and others he or she acknowledges disagreement and chooses to do things his or her way.  Yet through all our discussions the benefit of the patient has always been at heart.

Many times I have had a question about the course of a patient's disease, perhaps a question about what the physician thinks, or what is on an x-ray, and almost every time the physician has taken the time to share his knowledge and expertise.  Many times a physician has come to me with a question about equipment.  In this way I have formed a good relationship with most doctors I've worked with.  Many times our discussions have evolved further than the patient to discussions about politics, family, and even personal matters.

Many of these physicians rely on us to analyze labs, blood gases and even EKGs and make decisions on our own without calling them, and to the benefit of everyone (patient, physician, RT).  They rely on us to determine who needs breathing treatments, and to recommend who should and shouldn't continue on such a regime.  They rely on us to increase and decrease oxygen in the middle of the night as appropriate without always calling them.  Yet they trust that we will call if the patient's condition deteriorates, or we suspect such is occurring.  Thus, the bond between physician and RT is strong.

Yet there still exist a few physicians who believe they know everything and have no reason to communicate with a respiratory therapist other than to direct orders.  They do not trust us to know what a normal EKG is, and insist we hunt them down with all EKGs.  They do not trust RTs to know when oxygen is needed, and insist we call them instead.  They do not trust our scope of knowledge, and question our skills and abilities when things don't go as planned.

Such is what happened to me recently.  The BiPAP was set up and the patient got worse not better.  His CO2 rose from 60 to 100.  I informed this doctor on several occasions that the patient was bucking the BiPAP and if sedated I think the BiPAP would work better.  Yet she chose to ignore me.  She even questioned that I set the BiPAP up correctly.  She even questioned that I listened to the patient.  She said, "You are a tech, it's your job to listen to your patient."

I've had many run ins with this doctor in the past, and so have my coworkers.  On the first day I met her she pulled me aside and said, "Look!  I'm the doctor and you're the tech.  You do EKGs and I read them.  You're not trained or qualified as I am in reading EKGs and even ABGS.  So when you do them I want you to bring them to me no matter where I am.  Understand?"

In the days since there have been many times I have approached her and said things like, "So, what do you think?" Many times I've asked this of a physician and it's lead to a discussion of the patient.  Many ideas have come forward, and many patients have benefited with shared wisdom.  Yet this bad doctor simply looks at me like I'm an ignorant cuss and she rolls her eyes and says, "So, do you have any bright ideas?"  In other words, I'm wasting her time.

So what do you do when you have an arrogant and condescending doctor?  In most cases I would recommend what I normally do, and simply walk away.  Yet this physician has had many such run-ins with what she calls "here respiratory therapists."  Or, rather, "her techs."  She thinks of us as ancillary  staff meant to do a job, as opposed to professional members of the team.  I decided it was time to step up and face this doctor -- mano-a-mano.

I calmly said:  "I am not a tech, I'm a respiratory therapist.  I have two years of school in respiratory therapy, and I am registered and licensed.  I know what I'm doing.  I think it's time you start respecting my skills and knowledge as other doctors do, and I think it's time you start respecting my fellow RTs who work here too.  I respect you.  You respect me.  The patient benefits."

I turned and walked away.  It was at this time the adrenaline started flowing, and I was shaking like a leaf in a hurricane.  I could no longer function.  I wanted to call my boss, but my voice was so shaky I decided better of it.  I completed my other tasks, yet not without difficulty.  As soon as my boss arrived I told her what happened to make sure I stayed a step ahead of this doctor, and kept this doctor on defense.

My boss and all my coworkers were actually impressed at what I said to her.  Some didn't believe I did it, considering this was totally out of character for me.  Yet I had witnesses.  Yet something had to be done.  I did not question this doctor's skills, because she is an excellent doctor.  What I did was question her respect for a respectable group of professionals.  What I did was deflate her big, fat, bloated, egotistical head.

I discussed this with another physician of whom I have a good bond with, and I asked, "Was I wrong?  Should I have just walked away yet again and said nothing? Should I stop sharing ideas with her?"  He said, "Rick, you did the right thing.  I would recommend you not change anything."

So I won't change a thing.  I also doubt I'll be confronting any more egotistical and condescending doctors in the near future either.  I also wonder what my relationship with this doctor will be from here on out.  Imagine nothing will change, because ignorant people rarely learn.

I will leave you today with a quote from Donald F. Egan, MD, et al, "Egans Fundamentals of Respiratory Care," 1982, 4th ed., page 678:
"The techniques that have evolved for the treatment of these patients required the supervision of highly educated and skilled professionals whose degree of specialization is beyond the scope of the average attending physician or nurse."
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How Do You Get Lymphoma Cancer?

Lymphoma cancer is the cancer of the Lymph cells and lymph nodes, which is the most common type of blood cancers. Lymph cells are also called as lymphocytes, and are present along the blood vessels.  Lymphocytes or the lymph cells are carried throughout the body through fluid, lymph. Lymphoma cancer occurs when the two types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells multiply or grow abnormally. Seldom any significant cause, is understood for lymphoma cancer, but a few risk factors are identified to have association with the disease. These risk factors can explain how you get lymphoma cancer. Treatment of this type of cancer can be promising at the initial stage, while for metastasized cancer, radiation and chemotherapy can be best solutions.


Causes of Lymphoma
No causes are known for this cancer. Genetics may be a prominent cause for the disease, which causes abnormal cell growth in the lymph nodes. Following are some causes and risk factors related to lymphoma.
Genetics
As said earlier, genetics or mutation in the genes can be responsible for cancer. This mutation will not necessarily develop cancerous cells in the body, but certainly make a person more prone to develop cancer.
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are certain types of substances such as solvents, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and benzene can be responsible to damage the DNA and its ability to function normally. Hence, it can lead to lymphoma cancer.
Immune Suppressing Drugs
A person may be recommended to have certain immune suppressing drugs, after an organ replacement surgery. Suppressing the immune system is a high risk of suffering from lymphoma cancer.
Viral Infections
HPV (human papilloma virus) infection is closely associated risk factor for many types of cancers and lymphoma is one of them. Viral infections with a few viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, human T-lymphocytic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Hepatitis B or C virus, and HIV virus is also a risk factor for lymphoma cancer.
Bacterial Infection
A bacterium, with the name, Helicobacter pylori, is responsible for causing ulcers of stomach or gastritis. Such bacterial infections can also be risk factor to lymphoma.
Other Types of Cancers
Other types of cancers may also be related to triggering lymphoma cancer. Any person who has taken treatment for lymphoma earlier should also be alert for its recurrence.
Cancer of lymphocytes or white blood cells is called as lymphoma cancer and is a common type of blood cancer. Lymphoma cancer causes are not clearly understood, but the above given risk factors have been studied and confirmed to have association with this type of cancer. Avoiding such risk factors can be a preventive measure for this cancer.

Visit http://www.thecorrect.com/ for more medical question and answers
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Pulmonary Infarction

Pulmonary Infarction is necrosis, or death of lung tissue due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) to that area of the lung.  Most result from a large pulmonary embolism (PE) that blocks or slowwwws the flow of oxygenated blood distal to the blockage.  The clot may be caused from a trauma, post operative, or just after birth. 

PEs are usually -- but not always --caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that breaks free and lodges in one of the pulmonary arteries.  How large the thrombus is will determine how far into the lung it will travel before it lodges.

A small PE will usually lodge in "peripheral pulmonary arteries and are not ordinarily lethal, "according to Emanuel Rubin and Howard M. Reisner in their 2009 book "Essentials of Rubin's Pathology."  The reason they are usually benign in nature is because most lung tissue is fed by more than one pulmonary capillary (collateral circulation), and even if a small area becomes necrotized that part of the lung can simply be bipassed.

A large clot, on the other hand, may result in slowed blood flow distal to the PE.  The obstruction also mas cause the left ventricle to work extra in an attempt to pump blood past the clot, and this will result in increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).  This ultimately results in right heart failure. Blood will back up into the lung parychema squeeze the artery distal to the blockage further slowing blood flow. 

When blood flow distal to a PE becomes slow enough it's inefficient to meet oxygenation demands of tissue in that area of the lung, tissue necrosis will occur.  If a large enough portion of the pulmonary artery is blocked, the blood to the lung may be slowed to the point that the person may die of shock.

Rubin's also notes that a majority of pulmonary infarctions occur in patients with Congested Heart Failure (CHF) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) because the normal "dual circulation" in these patients may not be functioning due to the disease process. With emphysema this would result from tissue breakdown. 

According to urmc.rochester.edu less than 10 percent of PEs will result in pulmonary infarction. Basic pathology notes that three-fourths of PEs occur in the lung bases.

Rubin's also describes pulmonary infarcts as "hemmorhagic, as the bronchial artery pumps blood into the necrotic area.  The infarcts are generally pyramidal, with the base of the pyramid on the pleural surface.  This pooling of blood will will cause the area to be a raised red-blue region.  Once the blood is reabsorbed by surrounding tissue the nectrotic region will become pale and it will ultimately become a fibrous scar."

A study described in Thorax in 1973 (S. Talbot, et. al, "Radiographic signs of embolism and pulmonary infarction," Thorax, 1973, 28, 198) confirmed that 70 percent of pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarctions could be positively identified with a simple chest x-ray. 

According to Leonard V. Crowly in his 2007 book, "An introduction to human disease:  pathology and pathophysiology correlations," pulmonary infarction will show up on the chest x-ray as a wedge-shaped area of increased density (incerased whiteness).  Other authors have noted that quite often a pulmonary infarct will also present with blunted costrophrenic angles indicating pleural effusions.

Because a PE will not show up on x-ray, PEs that do not result in infarction will generally not show up on a chest x-ray and (absent other disease processes) the x-ray will show up as normal. 

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Will levalbuterol ever come down in price?

Your question:  Will the price of levalbuterol ever be comparable with albuterol so insurance companies will start paying for it? 


My humble answer:  I would image the patent for xopenex (levalbuterol) should be running out soon.  I know for a fact one of the makers of albuterol are ready to launch their own generic of levalbuterol.  I'm sure this will happen as soon as the xopenex patent runs out.  The price should start dropping once generics are on the market.  I don't know that levalbuterol is really any better than albuterol, yet I do see the day when levalbuterol replaces albuterol as the most popular asthma medicine.  Once the price of levalbuterol is comparable to albuterol, insurance companies will have no choice but to start paying for it, you'd think. 
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Is asthma more than just a disease of the lungs?

The following is from healthcentral.com/asthma.

"What Other Medical Problems Can Occur When Asthma is Untreated?"  (published 5/3/11)

It's said a gallant asthmatics can live a normal, active life.  Yet what happens to the goofus asthmatic who doesn't treat his asthma?

The truth is, many goofus asthmatics are lucky and are able to escape without asthma trouble, yet far too often they end up making frequent visits to their doctor, or to the local emergency room for asthma flares.  Sometimes they simply stay home and tough it out like our Martyr Asthmatic.

While it's rare, untreated asthma can lead to serious medical problems that can make asthma even harder to control.  Consider the following worse case scenario.

Joe Goofus refuses to see his doctor, and he is too dog-gone lazy to take his Advair discus, or maybe he simply forgets to take his medicine.  He also refuses to avoid his asthma triggers. He's simply a bad asthmatic patient.

So after sifting through dusty boxes in his basement, he makes yet another rushed trip to the emergency room.  His asthma is so bad this time that he needs to be admitted to the hospital.  He's put on systemic corticosteroids.

Finally after a couple weeks in prison he's released on good behavior, and he once again quits taking his asthma medicine.  He's short of breath for two weeks before he finally decides to seek help.

He's readmitted to the hospital and put back on inhaled corticosteroids.  The cycle continues.

The following are the risks of untreated asthma:

1.  Severe Asthma:  Asthma that is not diagnosed and treated agressively with asthma controller medicines can increase the risk for lung scarring.  This is permanent damage to your lungs that can make you always feel short of breath.  It also makes it so your asthma might not be reversible when you use your rescue medicine (Ventolin or Xopenex).  This type of asthma is called severe, persistent asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or what I like to call hard luck asthma.

2.  Steroid side effects:  If Joe needs systemic corticosteroids long term to control his asthma, serious side effects can occur that can make it even harder to manage his asthma, such as:
  • Fluid retention:  Swelling in your legs
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Mood swings:  Can effect how you manage your asthma
  • Weight gain:  Chemicals released from fat can trigger asthma, plus obesity makes it even harder for you to get the exercise you need to manage your asthma, and keep your heart and lungs strong
  • High blood sugar:  You'll now have diabetes that needs to be controlled
  • Infections:  Can you imagine if you also developed pneumonia?
  • Thin skin:  It easily bruises and is slow to heal. 
3.  Anxiety/ stress/ depression:  These can make it even more difficult for Joe to manage his disease, although treatable.

4.  Muscle wasting:  His lungs become so bad he's unable to get the exercise he needs. This can greatly complicate caring for Joe.  It can lead to obesity, which complicates things even more.

5.  Respiratory Failure:  If Joe doesn't seek help, his asthma attack might get so bad he simply poops out.  This is a serious complication that must be treated immediately.  It can lead to death.

While what I describe here is the worse case scenario, I've seen it.  It's basically self-induced hardluck asthma.  It's not pretty.  It can also be avoided.

It's much better to be a gallant asthmatic.  It's much better to be properly diagnosed and stay on a treatment plan.

Asthma experts have long said asthma is easiest to control when it's diagnosed right away and treated aggressively.  Now you know why.
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Improved Advocating through Risking Connection Training

We did a consultation this week with an agency that received both the basic and train-the-trainer Risking Connection training. They have proceeded to roll out their own training and have experienced major changes in their culture. They particularly emphasized how important their new awareness of vicarious traumatization had become. Staff have been saying that they feel more committed to the organization than ever now that they regularly have a place to share the effects of the work on themselves as people.
They also mentioned something I hadn’t thought of before. They felt that they were much better advocated for their clients now that they understood the trauma framework, the concept of symptoms as adaptations, and what helps trauma survivors heal.
This is really true. First, by understanding brain science and the effects of trauma, treaters can become more articulate in describing why punishment is not the best response to problem behaviors. They can describe how making amends can teach the youth hope in relationships, and how learning skills can help him be less likely to repeat the behavior. By understanding the behavior and the need the youth was trying to meet, they can recommend a specific intervention which will help the youth learn to meets his needs in a more positive way. They are more confident because their ideas are grounded in a theoretical framework.

Often when people think of “doing trauma work” they mean that the youth is retelling the details of her traumatic experiences. Through understanding both the trauma framework and modern brain science treaters can explain the benefits of other areas of treatment. It is NOT TRUE that recreational activities, fun events, creative pursuits such as music and art, cooking, and relaxing with others are just time fillers in between the “real therapy” that happens in the clinician’s office. Using the trauma framework treaters can specify exactly what step in healing each activity is designed to accomplish. Changing the child’s template about relationships, re-building her brain, increasing her sense of self-worth and teaching feeling skills are all happening during these every day parts of life. When a treatment team is well trained they can describe and document each step of the day by describing its connection to healing.
Another area of advocacy is speaking up for the services a child will need after being discharged from your program. The trauma frame work gives treaters specific justification for gradual transitions, as few changes as possible, continuity of relationships post discharge (with boundaries), support services for biological and foster parents, special education, and respite/mentoring.

What other ways has learning about trauma improved your advocating for your clients? Please click “comment” below and let me know.
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Ideas and economies change, but people never do

I hear people say a lot how nice it would be to return to the good ole' days.  Or they say how young kids lack virtues these days.  Yet did you know that these are things people have been saying since the beginning of time?

It's true.  In fact, Plato wrote something similar to the above quotes, and he lived before Jesus walked the earth.  "Not many people are these days," my patient said regarding a discussion on principles and values and virtues.  "Not many people are these days."

Ideas are different, and the things we entertain with are different, and our economy is different, and our wisdom and view of the world is different, yet people are still the same.  People will always be people.

"The divorce rate is higher than it ever has been," another patient said.  Yet that's not true either.  The divorce rate has always fluctuated through time.  Men and women always had affairs, and they have been known through time to get divorced.  It's nothing new. 

People don't change.  What changes are the times.  Economies are better, governments protect our natural rights better, we have more leisure time, and more time and money to enjoy the pursuit of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. 

People have always been reluctant to eat breakfast.  People have always eaten too much.  In fact, women in the 18th century and before were expected to be overweight.  It was normal.  It was a symbol of status.  It was a sign that you were wealthy.  It was a sign you had enough money to buy food.

Things go in cycles.  "Kids just don't have the respect for their parents these days."  That was first said thousands of years ago.  People never change.  We are people. 

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More olins

More Fake-'Olins:  (To view the top 171 'olins click here)
The following list has been prepared to further specific aid to the respiratory therapist's understanding of breathing treatments that have been clear to registered nurses and doctors for years. 

172.  0.5cc Hypoxolin

Symptom:  hypoxia, high CO2, pulmonary edema

Diagnosis:  Heart failure

Frequency:  Q4-6

Effect:  The patient wearing a 75 percent non rebreather mask to maintain an spo2 of 90% must be given Ventolin because it causes the patient to become hypoxic during the treatment.  Yes, you read that right.  The goal here is  that the 5-10 minutes of hypoxia that occurs during the treatment will increase the patient's respiratory rate in order to blow off excess CO2. Respiratory Therapist grumbling to be expected.  

Note for doctors who barely passed med school:  A breathing treatment from an oxygen source provides approximately 60 percent oxygen.  A nonrebreather does not produce 100 percent oxygen because one flap is always missing due to litigation purposes, and this results in an estimated FiO2 of 75 percent.  

If 75% Fio2 was maintaining a 90% SpO2 you can expect the patient's SpO2 to drop to 85 percent during this highly recommended therapy.  In England this exercise is called hypoxia therapy, yet here in America we don't want to be that obvious, so we just call it an Albuterol breathing treatment.

173.  0.5cc Postoponepherine

Symptom:  post operative stridor, ghasping noises due to inadequate breathing, low spo2,

Diagnosis:  Noted bronchospasm.  The RT will say patient has sleep apnea, but we know it's bronchospasm.  What the hell, bronchospasm is the only thing that can cause such annoying lung sounds.

Frequency:  Q1

Effect:  Patient will eventually wake up from the anesthesia and we can give credit to the breathing treatment.

 175.  Exorcistobuterol

Symptom:  Hearing voices, delusions, disorganized speech, social and occupational dysfunction

Diagnosis:  Schizophrenia

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  The Greek term skhizein means to split.  By inexplicable means the S(hit) isomer of the Aluterol molecule is believed to un-split the personality, thus making it easier to for the person to communicate.  Side effect may include innocuous mumbling and faux obstructive lung disease.

176.  0.5cc Hiccuputerol

Symptom:  Patient has hiccups

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Crosses blood brain barrier, specifically targets the phrenic nerve, and, ultimately, connects with receptor sites on the diaphragm to cause it to relax.  May or may not cause immediate effect, but hiccups will eventually go away

177.  0.5cc Husholin

Symptom:  Patient talking too much

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  Q4 or QID

Effect:  The theory is that a patient can't atlk with a pipe stuffed in his mouth.  Don't be shocked if patient talks nonstop during treatment.  Not to be confused with microphonuterol.

178.  0.5cc Microphonuterol

Symptom:  Patient annoyingly talks to much

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Albuterol nebulizer acts as a microphone encouraging the patient to talk and talk and talk and talk about nothing you want to talk about.  The idea here is similar to RN rule #62 whereas the patient is annoying so respiratory therapy must be involved in patient care.

179.  1.25mg Taciturnex

Same as Husholin but with a cooler name. 

180.  1.25 Fluidenex

Symptom:  Patient rattling can be heard across room, rhonchi/ rhales, initially patient in respiratory distress, patient may initially present in failure with a pH of less than 7.30.  BiPAP may or may not be utilized.

Diagnosis:  CHF, MI, pulmonary edema, fulmonary edema

Frequency:  Continuous then Q4

Effect:  This is isomer of Ventoiln actually works by simply adding moisture to an already wet lung.  We know this sounds crazy, but the extra fluid in lungs actually helps push fluid out of lungs into bloodstream where it is excreted with help of any diuretic.  Works best if in conjunction with BiPAP.  This works better than BiPAPuterol due to cardiac cause.

181.  0.5cc BiPAP uterol

A cheaper version of Fluidenex

182.  0.5cc Revivolin

Symptom:  Obtunded patient

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Crosses blood brain barrier to stimulate brain cells and increases patient alertness.  Some patients may actually, eventually open their eyes.

182.  0.5cc Biodunculator

Symptom:  Surgery

Diagnosis:  Abdominal, thoracic

Frequency:  QID for 3 days post operative

Effect:  Simple spelling change proves that surgery is an indication for bronchodilator.

183.  0.5cc Tachypnolin

Symptom:  Tachypnea (speedy respiratory rate)

Diagnosis:  Hyperventolating patient, anxiety

Frequency:  Q1 time

Effect:  We don't know what else to do to slow down the respiratory rate so why not try a bronchodilator.  May alternate with Coolovent or Preventolin.

184.  0.5cc Nosocomialmenicocciwestnilevirusolin

Symptom:  Anal problems

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  Q4 ATC

Effect:  Um, we're sure it does something to make patient get better eventually.

185.  1.25 Expandenex

Symptom:  Fever

Diagnosis:  Atelectasis, post op, pneumo

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  The med magically shrinks to 1 microns and passes through bronchioles to alveolar region and fills the alveoli up with ventolin molecules and, thus, expanding them.  Works similar to PEEP. 

186.  PEEPuterol

Similar to Expandenex except the S(hit) isomer binds with the R-isomer to prevent the medicine from sticking to the ventilator/BiPAP circuit. 

187.  0.5cc Becauseolin

Symptoms:  Weak, fell, possible ETOH, roting skin, malnutrition, poor general health, patient homeless or simply poor self care, possible gangrene, possible non compliant patient

Diagnosis:  Unknown, GI bleed, MRSA, ETOH, possibly even sepsis, pneumonia, c-diff, hepatitis, Aids, metabolic disturbance, electrolyte imbalance, etc.

Frequency:  Now and Q4 if patient admitted.

Effect:  Has no known effect, but we know that if patient has a morbid smell or is obnoxious RT should be involved in patient's care (see RT rule #62).  Studies are inconclusive, but we have to keep ordering it because there is still that one percent chance it might have some sort of effect. 

188.  Leavemyassaloneolin

Symptom:  No signs of respiratory distress.  May have smoked once.  May have had asthma once. Stridor. Cardiac wheeze. 

Diagnosis:  General, nosocomial COPD

Frequency:  Ordered Q4, but patient will refuse

Effect:  Works same as Ventolin.  Dr. was called so many times by the RT that he simply ordered treatmetns just to get the RN to quit paging him. 

189.  0.5cc InfluVentolin

Symptom;  General malaise

Diagnosis:  Influenza

Frequency:  One amp

Effect:  The influenza virus binds with the Ventolin and is exhaled by patient.  A famous advertising slogan for this new medicine is:  "In flew Enza, in flew Ventolin, out flew influenza."

190.  Ventolin MRSA

Symptoms:  General

Diagnosis:  Spontaneous MRSA, usually patient who has been in hspital at least a week

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Ventolin leaves lungs and hunts down MRSA bugs and eats them up.  Okay, so this isn't true, but we don't know what else to do, so we might as well annoy RT.

191.  Ventolin PIA

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  Pain in the ass patient (PIA)

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  This is a medicine like Duoneb, ni which it is a mixture of Becausolin and Leavemyassaloneolin.  The theory is that if the patient is a PIA, we need to get RT involved (see RN Rule #64)

192.  Toolateolin

Symptom:  Varying critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  See list in the effects section below

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  Most effective treatment for hopeless conditions.  Use should be initiated by RN only.  Drug has demonstrated no untoward effect when used for pulmonating edema, pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, severe chest trauma, upper airway obstruction, nor agonal breathing.  Like Xopenex, this drug comes ni varying doses for cardiopulmonary arrest, v-tach, prolonged apnea, multi-system failrue, end stage mets, pulmonary infarct, rigor mortis or any other condition threatening imminent mortality

Note:  Technically speaking, this should be alternated with Fuckonex, but at this point which medicine you use is basically a crapshoot anyway, but we gotta do something.

193.  Tryagainolin

Symptom:  Varying critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  SGD, HGD, STD

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  A version of Toolatolin (as described above).  Used continuous for prolonged periods should result in relief for all involved, with exception of patient and RT. 

Note:  Repeated use on multiple patients of Toolateolin, Waytoolatolin, or tryagainolin may result in changes.  Normally witty RTs may respond to reasonable treatment requests with caustic cynicism.  Normally, cynical RTs may respond to idiot requests with unconcealed anger.  Normally, angry RTs may become despondent and resort to tears after self mutilating their heads on teh closest brick wall.

194.  Waytoolateolin

Symptom:  Very critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  SGD, HGD, STD

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  A version of Toolateolin (as described above).  Used continuous for prolonged periods should result in relief of all involved, with exception of patient and RT. 

Further precautions:  Treatments with Toolateolin, Muchtoolateolin and Waytoolateolin must be carefully documented.  Charted comments such as "this treatment was a worthless waste of time," or "patient remained apneic post treatment," may prove to be uncomfortable for doctors, RNs and RT department supervisors resulting in further unenhanced working conditions or threatened continued employment. 

195.  Muchtoolateolin

Symptom:  Apnea, flatline

Diagnosis:  Death

Frequency:  continuous

Effect:  May help bring the patinet back. 

196.  0.5cc MI-olin

Symptoms:  Chset pain maybe, hypoxemia, EKG that shows elevated ST segment, No respiratory distress.  May present with low SpO2 (75%) which increases with NRB

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q1 (may repeat)

Effect:  The medicine diffuses across the pulmonary membranes, to the bloodstream, and works its way to the heart, increasing the affinity of oxygen to necrotic tissue.  It also dissolves clots in the coronary arteries.  This should be followed by a STAT EKG, which should show that what was previously thought to be an MI is now.  RT will cringe about the treatment, and groan about the oxygen boost fixing the patient.

Note:  Should alternate with coronoryolin and angioplastybuterol

197.  Angioplastybuterol

Symptoms:  Chest pain maybe, hypoxemia, EKG shows elevated ST segment, No respiratory distress.  May present with low SpO2 (75%) which increases with NRB.

Diagnosis:  General, MI

Frequency:  Q1 (may repeat)

Effect:  The Ventolin molecules shrink to 1 micron and travel across the alveolar capillary regions, through the bloodsteam and back to the heart where they collect around the clot and build-up over time. After a while there will be enough ventolin molecules in front of the clot that the artery will dilate.  This will negate the need for a balloon angioplasty or any other annoying test for the patient. 

Note:  Should alternate with MI-olin and S

198.  Insulinolin

Symptoms:  Various. Basically doctor has no clue

Diagnosis:  Various

Frequency:  Various

Effect:  The patient's just not right, so we better just do a treatment.  Who cares that the patient's insulin is 40.

199.  Insulinex

Same as Insulinolin except the deletion of the R-Isomer makes the Albuterol molecule more slick and provides quicker access to the body.

200.  Mucobuterol

Symptom:  Crackles in one base, mild sob, perhaps a dry, harsh barking, nonproductive cough

Diagnosis:  Mostly pneumonia, but possibly a little pulmonary edema

Frequency:  Q1 and then again in an hour and then an hour after that and an hour after that... until patient is good enough to no longer need the ER

Effect:  Why waste your time writing the order for mucomyst with Ventolin when all you need to do is order mucobuterol, which works more quickly adn easily than mucomyst.  The bonds of Albuterol blend in with the mucous and the receptor cells of the Albuterol turn into little tiny scissors and chop up the mucous to make it easy to cough up. 

Note:  Usually patient will be discharged to home without being able to expectorate anything, but that doesn't mean the therapy might not work at some point in the couple weeks.

201.  Angioplastybuterol

Symptom:  CP, EKG changes, ST elevation, pt denies any distress whatsoever, patient may present with low SpO2 that increases with NRB. 

Diagnosis:  MI

Frequency:  Q1

Effect:  This med must be given just prior and immediately after placing patient on NRB.  Repeat EKG will show that ST elevation is gone.  RT will grumble this is result of oxygen boost, but we know it was the treatment.  By some magic power Albuterol now is capable of dissolving a clot in the coronary arteries and fixing an MI

202.  Sputum-thinner-olin

Symptom:  Denies SOB, Dr. wants a sputum specimin. Spo2 mid 80s

Diagnosis:  Who knows

Frequency:  Q1 hour in ER until patient is admitted to floor or discharged to home

Effect:  It works more powerfully than mucomyst to thin secretions that really don't need thinning.  It's also supposed to increase the sat, although it doesn't increase the sat (the oxygen does).  Okay, well, this is too complicated to explain to an RT.  So, just give them this line and listen to them grumble and groan:  "Because her sats were in the mid 80s, I thought a treatment would help with that.  I also think she has thick sputum, and the treatment might loosen things up a bit."  Just memorize that line.

203 Procedurecountuterol

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q4 ever

Effect:  Creates work for RT so they don't have to file for unemployment

204.  Apneabuterol

Symptom:  Apnea, stridor, snoring, grunting with inspiration instead of getting air

Diagnosis:  Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Frequency:  Q1 post operative

Effect:  The patient is grunting with inspiration and not breathing adequately so the patient must be having bronchospasm.  May alternate with postopenepherine (see above).

205.  Ipso facto buterol

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  General

EffectIpso facto is a Latin phrase that means "by the fact itself."  This means that an effect is a direct consequence of an action.  For example, the ordering of Albuterol for all annoying lungsounds and all shortness of breath is ipso facto stupid because it's done as a cover for something else, such as lack of intelligence.  In this way the act (the ordering of albuterol) puts the actions of the doctor in question. 

206.  Muco-hopo-myst

Symptom:  None apparent, doctor not sure what to do for patient

Diagnosis:  Doctor not sure

Frequency:  Every other treatment

Effect:  The idea here is if one medicine is good adding a second medicine is great and adding three is even better.  What else can we throw at the patient.  We throw everything we have at the patient and hope something works, and then we give credit to the nebulized medicine.

207.  Ciliabuterol

Symptom:  congested airway, trouble breathing

Diagnosis:  Aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  The albuterol rains out on the cilia in order to increase ciliary action.  This rainout works like watering a vegetable garden, and causes the cilia (like vegetables) to grow full and thick and function well.  This allows for improved mucociliary clearance.

208.  B2 Uterol

Symptom:  Rapid onset dyspnea

Diagnosis:  Emphysema, pneumothorax

Frequency:  Continuous for one hour

Effect:  If you give the treatment long enough you'll assure there are at least two beta adrenergics sitting on each beta adrenergic receptors. The goal is that once the chest tube is inserted the air will come out twice as fast (b2 = beta *2 or twice the effect)

209.  Virtigobuterol

SymptomVirtigo

Diagnosis:  Virtigo

Frequency:  Once is plenty.

Effect:  Ventolin grabs CO2 and holds tight and goes along for ride acoss blood brain barrier to steady the infrastructure in your head so you don't feel like your movin no more.  It also can be squirted in the ear to relieve virtigo caused by inflammation  of the inner ear. 

210.  Flatulin

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  Any post op

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Gives em gas eventually.  Helps get the bowel's moving.  It's a gas.  Given post op to get 'em farten.


211.  Achoobuterol

Symptom:  Sneeze

Diagnosis:  Allergies

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:   None noted, yet it sounded like a cool name.  Maybe the mist spewing from your mouth has some bronchodilitating properties.  Ah, probably not. 

212.  ASID-userol

Symptoms:  Shortness of breath, rapid deep breathing,

Diagnosis:  Metabolic Acidosis

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  All metabolic acidosis conditions must be treated with ASID (Albuterol Solves Increment Disorders).

 213.  RT Buterol

Symptom:  Pt doesnt' look quite right

Diagnosis:  Faux Pneumonia

Frequency:  Q4 and 2prn

Effect:  The fake diagnosis of pneumonia automatically requires RT to be in room every 4-6 hours to assess patient.  May alternate with assessuterol. 

213.  NFR buterol

Symptom:  Inconventiently low spo2

Diagnosis:  Post op patient who was supposed to go home two hours ago but can't because the dog gone sat won't go up higher than 88 percent.

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  No F-ing reason for the treatment the surgeon was getting tired of watching the pulse ox and finally realized he couldnt' wish it higher so a breathing treatment was the only option left that he could think of.  Hah, this way the RT can take over watching the pulse ox monitor.  This sort of plays along the old theory:  When in doubt, call RT.

214.  Infiltratuterol 

Symptom:  Inconveniently low SpO2

Diagnosis:  Post op patient who was supposed to go home two hours ago but can't because the dog gone sat won't go up higher than 88 percent and we've already tried NFR buterol and it didn't do any good.

Frequency:  Once after trial of NFR buterol and X-ray taken

Effect:  The X-Ray surprisingly showed new infiltrate so -- based on the x-ray alone -- the patient MUST have Albuterol.  Note:   Infiltrate in this case must also mean bronchospasm.  It has absolutely nothing to do with overloading the patient with fluid during surgery.  ABG must be ordered 30 minutes after bronchodilator to check efficacy of therapy

215.  X-Ray Buterol 

Symptom:  Low SpO2, respiratory distress,

Diagnosis:  Faux pneumonia, fulmonating pulmonary edema, pedal edema, post operative with invonveniently low spo2, inexplicable dyspnea

Frequency:  Q once

Effect:  Observation of inexplicable infiltrates on x-ray means Albuterol must be indicated.

216.  ABGuterol

Symptoms:  Abnormal ABG

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  So the ABG wasn't normal Albuterol must be indicated.  ABG must be repeated one hour after ABGuterol.  Note:  Such an order is proven to cause RT to get the ABGbies.

217.  Advairuterol

Symptom:  NARDN

Diagnosis:  pre operative, general

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  The patient forgot his Advair so Ventilin is indicated just prior to the surgery.

218.  1.25 Slowpenex

Symptom:  Rapid heart rate

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q6

Effect:  Cardiac muscle has a high affinity for this inhaled medicine.  It has the soothing ability to talk the heart down to a rythm doctors like.  It should slow down within 4-8 hours, or at least by the time the patient is discharged.  Medicine must be continuously in system to have a chance to work, so most experts recommend a dosage every six hours.  Most studies show the heart rate should be slowed down by the 5th treatment, but just in case the order should be maintained until patient discharge.

219.  Ipatropium Slowmide

Symptom:  Rapid heart rate

Diagnosis:  COPD, general

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Generally used in conjunction with slowpenex.  Ipatropium slowmide has this uncanny ability to conjoin with slowpenex molecules to speed up it's effect in slowing the heart.

220.  Fastuterol

Symptom:  Slow heart rate

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:

Effect

221.  Slopenex (not to be confused with slowpenex)

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q4-6 ATC

Effect:  Helps create a sliding scale whereby the doctor can adjust the SpO2 to the preferred slope along the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve.  Ideal for CO2 retainers.

222.  Conincidentonex

Symptom:  High heart rate, dyspnea with exertion

Diagnosis:  CHF, pericardio effesion, asthma, COPD, atrial fibrillation

Frequency:  Q6

Effect:  Patient presents with high heartrate due to exacerbation of disease process and has received one or more amps of Albuterol.  A simple change from Albuterol to Xopenex and the heart rate will eventually, coincidentally go down.  We must give credit to the Xopenex for the decrease in heart rate.

223.  Coincidentonex

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  COPD/CHF, pericardioeffusion,

Frequency:  Q4-6

Effect:  Must be given in conjunction with diuretic.  Study showed 100 patients given diuretic and ventolin together eventually got better, and credit is given every time to the bronchodilator. 

224.  Good-to-the-last-drop-uterol

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Must puff on neb until every drop of fluid mists from the cup.  Studies show medicine is gone long before last drop of water, yet psychological benefit further dilates bronchioles.

225.  Pericardioeffusolin

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  Pericardoeffusion

Frequency:  Q6 ATC

Effect:  By powers unbenownsed to RTs Albuterol particles somehow work to absorb fluid from pericardial sac to decrease dyspnea.  Note:  Dyspnea may not be reduced, but this doesn't mean medicine isn't working.  May alternate with absorbolin because one or the other might work.

226.  Babysittolin

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  At least Q6

Effect:  It's essential that if the doctor thinks the patient bears watching aerosolized medicine must be ordered at a regular frequency so RT can assess the patient every so often.  It gets the doctor out of having to assess the patient and takes off pressure from nurses.  The RT, in effect, babysits the patient for duration of therapy.  RTs may complain that they aren't neb jockies, yet we beg to differ.  WE KNOW BABYSITTERS are essential.

227.  Sedateuterol

Symptom:  No symptoms at all, in fact patient is lying in bed all comfortable and showing no signs of respiratory distress whatsoever

Diagnosis:  Sedated post operative, sedate due to detox

Frequency:  Q6 prn but must do treatment because RN insists

Effect:  The patient was refusing need for bronchodilator when he was awake.  Yet now that he's too sedate to speak for himself he must be having bronchospasm. 

228.  T.O. Xopenex

Symptom:  Continuous calls from RN that the patients sats are low, rhonchi, shallow breathing due to sedation

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Telephone Order (TO) Xopenex is indicated following formal assessment of the patient over the phone and the patients stated heart rate is greater than 100.

229.  T.O. Albuterol

Symptom:  Continous calls from RN that the patients sats are low, rhonchi, shallow breathing due to sedation

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Telephone Order (TO) Albuterol is indicated following formal assessment of the patient over the phone and the patient's stated herat rate is less than 100.  May alternate with ESPuterol and Assessolin

230.  R.N. Albuterol  (a.k.a. RNA)

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Any

Effect:  The pt doesn't need the treatment but the nurse said so.  So there!!!!

231.  TB Buterol

Symptom:  none

Diagnosis:  Tumor of the cecum/ history of TB in the 1920s

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Immuno-impressive properties of the proventil prevent tuberculosis from returning

232.  Annoying LS Buterol

Symptom:  Annoying lung sounds (LS)

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Patient has annoying lung sounds so patient must be treated as an asthmatic. 

Note:  A common remark from these patient's is:  "They say I'm short of breath but I feel fine."  Don't let this stump you, the patient is still having bronchospasms.

233.  PODuterol

Symptoms:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q4 or greater

Effect:  POD is an acronym for pissed off doctor The only known effect is to cool off a tempered physician.

211.  Deflatuterol -- side effect pneumo

Symptom:  Dyspnea,

Diagnosis:  Emphysema

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Deflates overdistended alveoli

211.  Bullshituterol

Symptom:  Any

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency: Any

Effect:  None.  No contraindications

212.  O-buterol:   Indicated for those old, toothless folks who lie around snoring through that big O. There's an old lyric that goes something like: O-buterol, O-buterol, O how I love O buterol.

213.  Aerobuterol:   The patient has good air movement so B2 agonist indicated to make sure it stays this way. May be rotated with preventolin.   May also use preventolatorolin, keepmealiveolin, or helpmecrosstheperlygatesolin. Choose the most appropriate Ventolin. 

214.  Nococomialin. Yes, that's an old one but a good one. If I remember right it works to prevent nosocomial COPD. I can't remember the action, do you?

215.  ESPreventolin: Starts dilating air passages before treatment given and even before patient admitted. Must be ordered Q1 while patient still in ambulance

216.  Peptobuterol: Indicated for dyspnea caused by bloated, rock hard stomach. Attaches to fake B2 Receptors in stomach to enhance effect of antacids. Should be ordered Q1 until discharge.

217.  PR Buterol: The mist has a special spin to convince RNs that you are not lazy and trying to get out of work.

218: Drierbuterol: Someone comes in with foaming pulmonary edema it must be given stat. Effect: Albuterol molecules turn into little hair driers and blow warm air over wet alveoli to dry them out.  Dryerbuterol?  Perhaps the fact I spelled it wrong makes it work better.

219.  VentOILinAn oil-like substance that helps to lubricate the space between the heart and the lungs.  It's beneficial for any condition of the pleural space that causes friction, especially pleurisy.  If an EKG is ordered at the same as as VentOILin you should do the treatment first because a reduction of friction may make the EKG look smoother.  May also help with insertion of chest tubes if one dose given approximately 30 miniutes prior to procedure. 
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