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How Do You Get Lymphoma Cancer?

Lymphoma cancer is the cancer of the Lymph cells and lymph nodes, which is the most common type of blood cancers. Lymph cells are also called as lymphocytes, and are present along the blood vessels.  Lymphocytes or the lymph cells are carried throughout the body through fluid, lymph. Lymphoma cancer occurs when the two types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells multiply or grow abnormally. Seldom any significant cause, is understood for lymphoma cancer, but a few risk factors are identified to have association with the disease. These risk factors can explain how you get lymphoma cancer. Treatment of this type of cancer can be promising at the initial stage, while for metastasized cancer, radiation and chemotherapy can be best solutions.


Causes of Lymphoma
No causes are known for this cancer. Genetics may be a prominent cause for the disease, which causes abnormal cell growth in the lymph nodes. Following are some causes and risk factors related to lymphoma.
Genetics
As said earlier, genetics or mutation in the genes can be responsible for cancer. This mutation will not necessarily develop cancerous cells in the body, but certainly make a person more prone to develop cancer.
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are certain types of substances such as solvents, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and benzene can be responsible to damage the DNA and its ability to function normally. Hence, it can lead to lymphoma cancer.
Immune Suppressing Drugs
A person may be recommended to have certain immune suppressing drugs, after an organ replacement surgery. Suppressing the immune system is a high risk of suffering from lymphoma cancer.
Viral Infections
HPV (human papilloma virus) infection is closely associated risk factor for many types of cancers and lymphoma is one of them. Viral infections with a few viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, human T-lymphocytic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Hepatitis B or C virus, and HIV virus is also a risk factor for lymphoma cancer.
Bacterial Infection
A bacterium, with the name, Helicobacter pylori, is responsible for causing ulcers of stomach or gastritis. Such bacterial infections can also be risk factor to lymphoma.
Other Types of Cancers
Other types of cancers may also be related to triggering lymphoma cancer. Any person who has taken treatment for lymphoma earlier should also be alert for its recurrence.
Cancer of lymphocytes or white blood cells is called as lymphoma cancer and is a common type of blood cancer. Lymphoma cancer causes are not clearly understood, but the above given risk factors have been studied and confirmed to have association with this type of cancer. Avoiding such risk factors can be a preventive measure for this cancer.

Visit http://www.thecorrect.com/ for more medical question and answers
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Pulmonary Infarction

Pulmonary Infarction is necrosis, or death of lung tissue due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) to that area of the lung.  Most result from a large pulmonary embolism (PE) that blocks or slowwwws the flow of oxygenated blood distal to the blockage.  The clot may be caused from a trauma, post operative, or just after birth. 

PEs are usually -- but not always --caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that breaks free and lodges in one of the pulmonary arteries.  How large the thrombus is will determine how far into the lung it will travel before it lodges.

A small PE will usually lodge in "peripheral pulmonary arteries and are not ordinarily lethal, "according to Emanuel Rubin and Howard M. Reisner in their 2009 book "Essentials of Rubin's Pathology."  The reason they are usually benign in nature is because most lung tissue is fed by more than one pulmonary capillary (collateral circulation), and even if a small area becomes necrotized that part of the lung can simply be bipassed.

A large clot, on the other hand, may result in slowed blood flow distal to the PE.  The obstruction also mas cause the left ventricle to work extra in an attempt to pump blood past the clot, and this will result in increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).  This ultimately results in right heart failure. Blood will back up into the lung parychema squeeze the artery distal to the blockage further slowing blood flow. 

When blood flow distal to a PE becomes slow enough it's inefficient to meet oxygenation demands of tissue in that area of the lung, tissue necrosis will occur.  If a large enough portion of the pulmonary artery is blocked, the blood to the lung may be slowed to the point that the person may die of shock.

Rubin's also notes that a majority of pulmonary infarctions occur in patients with Congested Heart Failure (CHF) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) because the normal "dual circulation" in these patients may not be functioning due to the disease process. With emphysema this would result from tissue breakdown. 

According to urmc.rochester.edu less than 10 percent of PEs will result in pulmonary infarction. Basic pathology notes that three-fourths of PEs occur in the lung bases.

Rubin's also describes pulmonary infarcts as "hemmorhagic, as the bronchial artery pumps blood into the necrotic area.  The infarcts are generally pyramidal, with the base of the pyramid on the pleural surface.  This pooling of blood will will cause the area to be a raised red-blue region.  Once the blood is reabsorbed by surrounding tissue the nectrotic region will become pale and it will ultimately become a fibrous scar."

A study described in Thorax in 1973 (S. Talbot, et. al, "Radiographic signs of embolism and pulmonary infarction," Thorax, 1973, 28, 198) confirmed that 70 percent of pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarctions could be positively identified with a simple chest x-ray. 

According to Leonard V. Crowly in his 2007 book, "An introduction to human disease:  pathology and pathophysiology correlations," pulmonary infarction will show up on the chest x-ray as a wedge-shaped area of increased density (incerased whiteness).  Other authors have noted that quite often a pulmonary infarct will also present with blunted costrophrenic angles indicating pleural effusions.

Because a PE will not show up on x-ray, PEs that do not result in infarction will generally not show up on a chest x-ray and (absent other disease processes) the x-ray will show up as normal. 

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Will levalbuterol ever come down in price?

Your question:  Will the price of levalbuterol ever be comparable with albuterol so insurance companies will start paying for it? 


My humble answer:  I would image the patent for xopenex (levalbuterol) should be running out soon.  I know for a fact one of the makers of albuterol are ready to launch their own generic of levalbuterol.  I'm sure this will happen as soon as the xopenex patent runs out.  The price should start dropping once generics are on the market.  I don't know that levalbuterol is really any better than albuterol, yet I do see the day when levalbuterol replaces albuterol as the most popular asthma medicine.  Once the price of levalbuterol is comparable to albuterol, insurance companies will have no choice but to start paying for it, you'd think. 
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Is asthma more than just a disease of the lungs?

The following is from healthcentral.com/asthma.

"What Other Medical Problems Can Occur When Asthma is Untreated?"  (published 5/3/11)

It's said a gallant asthmatics can live a normal, active life.  Yet what happens to the goofus asthmatic who doesn't treat his asthma?

The truth is, many goofus asthmatics are lucky and are able to escape without asthma trouble, yet far too often they end up making frequent visits to their doctor, or to the local emergency room for asthma flares.  Sometimes they simply stay home and tough it out like our Martyr Asthmatic.

While it's rare, untreated asthma can lead to serious medical problems that can make asthma even harder to control.  Consider the following worse case scenario.

Joe Goofus refuses to see his doctor, and he is too dog-gone lazy to take his Advair discus, or maybe he simply forgets to take his medicine.  He also refuses to avoid his asthma triggers. He's simply a bad asthmatic patient.

So after sifting through dusty boxes in his basement, he makes yet another rushed trip to the emergency room.  His asthma is so bad this time that he needs to be admitted to the hospital.  He's put on systemic corticosteroids.

Finally after a couple weeks in prison he's released on good behavior, and he once again quits taking his asthma medicine.  He's short of breath for two weeks before he finally decides to seek help.

He's readmitted to the hospital and put back on inhaled corticosteroids.  The cycle continues.

The following are the risks of untreated asthma:

1.  Severe Asthma:  Asthma that is not diagnosed and treated agressively with asthma controller medicines can increase the risk for lung scarring.  This is permanent damage to your lungs that can make you always feel short of breath.  It also makes it so your asthma might not be reversible when you use your rescue medicine (Ventolin or Xopenex).  This type of asthma is called severe, persistent asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or what I like to call hard luck asthma.

2.  Steroid side effects:  If Joe needs systemic corticosteroids long term to control his asthma, serious side effects can occur that can make it even harder to manage his asthma, such as:
  • Fluid retention:  Swelling in your legs
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Mood swings:  Can effect how you manage your asthma
  • Weight gain:  Chemicals released from fat can trigger asthma, plus obesity makes it even harder for you to get the exercise you need to manage your asthma, and keep your heart and lungs strong
  • High blood sugar:  You'll now have diabetes that needs to be controlled
  • Infections:  Can you imagine if you also developed pneumonia?
  • Thin skin:  It easily bruises and is slow to heal. 
3.  Anxiety/ stress/ depression:  These can make it even more difficult for Joe to manage his disease, although treatable.

4.  Muscle wasting:  His lungs become so bad he's unable to get the exercise he needs. This can greatly complicate caring for Joe.  It can lead to obesity, which complicates things even more.

5.  Respiratory Failure:  If Joe doesn't seek help, his asthma attack might get so bad he simply poops out.  This is a serious complication that must be treated immediately.  It can lead to death.

While what I describe here is the worse case scenario, I've seen it.  It's basically self-induced hardluck asthma.  It's not pretty.  It can also be avoided.

It's much better to be a gallant asthmatic.  It's much better to be properly diagnosed and stay on a treatment plan.

Asthma experts have long said asthma is easiest to control when it's diagnosed right away and treated aggressively.  Now you know why.
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Improved Advocating through Risking Connection Training

We did a consultation this week with an agency that received both the basic and train-the-trainer Risking Connection training. They have proceeded to roll out their own training and have experienced major changes in their culture. They particularly emphasized how important their new awareness of vicarious traumatization had become. Staff have been saying that they feel more committed to the organization than ever now that they regularly have a place to share the effects of the work on themselves as people.
They also mentioned something I hadn’t thought of before. They felt that they were much better advocated for their clients now that they understood the trauma framework, the concept of symptoms as adaptations, and what helps trauma survivors heal.
This is really true. First, by understanding brain science and the effects of trauma, treaters can become more articulate in describing why punishment is not the best response to problem behaviors. They can describe how making amends can teach the youth hope in relationships, and how learning skills can help him be less likely to repeat the behavior. By understanding the behavior and the need the youth was trying to meet, they can recommend a specific intervention which will help the youth learn to meets his needs in a more positive way. They are more confident because their ideas are grounded in a theoretical framework.

Often when people think of “doing trauma work” they mean that the youth is retelling the details of her traumatic experiences. Through understanding both the trauma framework and modern brain science treaters can explain the benefits of other areas of treatment. It is NOT TRUE that recreational activities, fun events, creative pursuits such as music and art, cooking, and relaxing with others are just time fillers in between the “real therapy” that happens in the clinician’s office. Using the trauma framework treaters can specify exactly what step in healing each activity is designed to accomplish. Changing the child’s template about relationships, re-building her brain, increasing her sense of self-worth and teaching feeling skills are all happening during these every day parts of life. When a treatment team is well trained they can describe and document each step of the day by describing its connection to healing.
Another area of advocacy is speaking up for the services a child will need after being discharged from your program. The trauma frame work gives treaters specific justification for gradual transitions, as few changes as possible, continuity of relationships post discharge (with boundaries), support services for biological and foster parents, special education, and respite/mentoring.

What other ways has learning about trauma improved your advocating for your clients? Please click “comment” below and let me know.
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Ideas and economies change, but people never do

I hear people say a lot how nice it would be to return to the good ole' days.  Or they say how young kids lack virtues these days.  Yet did you know that these are things people have been saying since the beginning of time?

It's true.  In fact, Plato wrote something similar to the above quotes, and he lived before Jesus walked the earth.  "Not many people are these days," my patient said regarding a discussion on principles and values and virtues.  "Not many people are these days."

Ideas are different, and the things we entertain with are different, and our economy is different, and our wisdom and view of the world is different, yet people are still the same.  People will always be people.

"The divorce rate is higher than it ever has been," another patient said.  Yet that's not true either.  The divorce rate has always fluctuated through time.  Men and women always had affairs, and they have been known through time to get divorced.  It's nothing new. 

People don't change.  What changes are the times.  Economies are better, governments protect our natural rights better, we have more leisure time, and more time and money to enjoy the pursuit of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. 

People have always been reluctant to eat breakfast.  People have always eaten too much.  In fact, women in the 18th century and before were expected to be overweight.  It was normal.  It was a symbol of status.  It was a sign that you were wealthy.  It was a sign you had enough money to buy food.

Things go in cycles.  "Kids just don't have the respect for their parents these days."  That was first said thousands of years ago.  People never change.  We are people. 

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More olins

More Fake-'Olins:  (To view the top 171 'olins click here)
The following list has been prepared to further specific aid to the respiratory therapist's understanding of breathing treatments that have been clear to registered nurses and doctors for years. 

172.  0.5cc Hypoxolin

Symptom:  hypoxia, high CO2, pulmonary edema

Diagnosis:  Heart failure

Frequency:  Q4-6

Effect:  The patient wearing a 75 percent non rebreather mask to maintain an spo2 of 90% must be given Ventolin because it causes the patient to become hypoxic during the treatment.  Yes, you read that right.  The goal here is  that the 5-10 minutes of hypoxia that occurs during the treatment will increase the patient's respiratory rate in order to blow off excess CO2. Respiratory Therapist grumbling to be expected.  

Note for doctors who barely passed med school:  A breathing treatment from an oxygen source provides approximately 60 percent oxygen.  A nonrebreather does not produce 100 percent oxygen because one flap is always missing due to litigation purposes, and this results in an estimated FiO2 of 75 percent.  

If 75% Fio2 was maintaining a 90% SpO2 you can expect the patient's SpO2 to drop to 85 percent during this highly recommended therapy.  In England this exercise is called hypoxia therapy, yet here in America we don't want to be that obvious, so we just call it an Albuterol breathing treatment.

173.  0.5cc Postoponepherine

Symptom:  post operative stridor, ghasping noises due to inadequate breathing, low spo2,

Diagnosis:  Noted bronchospasm.  The RT will say patient has sleep apnea, but we know it's bronchospasm.  What the hell, bronchospasm is the only thing that can cause such annoying lung sounds.

Frequency:  Q1

Effect:  Patient will eventually wake up from the anesthesia and we can give credit to the breathing treatment.

 175.  Exorcistobuterol

Symptom:  Hearing voices, delusions, disorganized speech, social and occupational dysfunction

Diagnosis:  Schizophrenia

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  The Greek term skhizein means to split.  By inexplicable means the S(hit) isomer of the Aluterol molecule is believed to un-split the personality, thus making it easier to for the person to communicate.  Side effect may include innocuous mumbling and faux obstructive lung disease.

176.  0.5cc Hiccuputerol

Symptom:  Patient has hiccups

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Crosses blood brain barrier, specifically targets the phrenic nerve, and, ultimately, connects with receptor sites on the diaphragm to cause it to relax.  May or may not cause immediate effect, but hiccups will eventually go away

177.  0.5cc Husholin

Symptom:  Patient talking too much

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  Q4 or QID

Effect:  The theory is that a patient can't atlk with a pipe stuffed in his mouth.  Don't be shocked if patient talks nonstop during treatment.  Not to be confused with microphonuterol.

178.  0.5cc Microphonuterol

Symptom:  Patient annoyingly talks to much

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Albuterol nebulizer acts as a microphone encouraging the patient to talk and talk and talk and talk about nothing you want to talk about.  The idea here is similar to RN rule #62 whereas the patient is annoying so respiratory therapy must be involved in patient care.

179.  1.25mg Taciturnex

Same as Husholin but with a cooler name. 

180.  1.25 Fluidenex

Symptom:  Patient rattling can be heard across room, rhonchi/ rhales, initially patient in respiratory distress, patient may initially present in failure with a pH of less than 7.30.  BiPAP may or may not be utilized.

Diagnosis:  CHF, MI, pulmonary edema, fulmonary edema

Frequency:  Continuous then Q4

Effect:  This is isomer of Ventoiln actually works by simply adding moisture to an already wet lung.  We know this sounds crazy, but the extra fluid in lungs actually helps push fluid out of lungs into bloodstream where it is excreted with help of any diuretic.  Works best if in conjunction with BiPAP.  This works better than BiPAPuterol due to cardiac cause.

181.  0.5cc BiPAP uterol

A cheaper version of Fluidenex

182.  0.5cc Revivolin

Symptom:  Obtunded patient

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Crosses blood brain barrier to stimulate brain cells and increases patient alertness.  Some patients may actually, eventually open their eyes.

182.  0.5cc Biodunculator

Symptom:  Surgery

Diagnosis:  Abdominal, thoracic

Frequency:  QID for 3 days post operative

Effect:  Simple spelling change proves that surgery is an indication for bronchodilator.

183.  0.5cc Tachypnolin

Symptom:  Tachypnea (speedy respiratory rate)

Diagnosis:  Hyperventolating patient, anxiety

Frequency:  Q1 time

Effect:  We don't know what else to do to slow down the respiratory rate so why not try a bronchodilator.  May alternate with Coolovent or Preventolin.

184.  0.5cc Nosocomialmenicocciwestnilevirusolin

Symptom:  Anal problems

Diagnosis:  Generic

Frequency:  Q4 ATC

Effect:  Um, we're sure it does something to make patient get better eventually.

185.  1.25 Expandenex

Symptom:  Fever

Diagnosis:  Atelectasis, post op, pneumo

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  The med magically shrinks to 1 microns and passes through bronchioles to alveolar region and fills the alveoli up with ventolin molecules and, thus, expanding them.  Works similar to PEEP. 

186.  PEEPuterol

Similar to Expandenex except the S(hit) isomer binds with the R-isomer to prevent the medicine from sticking to the ventilator/BiPAP circuit. 

187.  0.5cc Becauseolin

Symptoms:  Weak, fell, possible ETOH, roting skin, malnutrition, poor general health, patient homeless or simply poor self care, possible gangrene, possible non compliant patient

Diagnosis:  Unknown, GI bleed, MRSA, ETOH, possibly even sepsis, pneumonia, c-diff, hepatitis, Aids, metabolic disturbance, electrolyte imbalance, etc.

Frequency:  Now and Q4 if patient admitted.

Effect:  Has no known effect, but we know that if patient has a morbid smell or is obnoxious RT should be involved in patient's care (see RT rule #62).  Studies are inconclusive, but we have to keep ordering it because there is still that one percent chance it might have some sort of effect. 

188.  Leavemyassaloneolin

Symptom:  No signs of respiratory distress.  May have smoked once.  May have had asthma once. Stridor. Cardiac wheeze. 

Diagnosis:  General, nosocomial COPD

Frequency:  Ordered Q4, but patient will refuse

Effect:  Works same as Ventolin.  Dr. was called so many times by the RT that he simply ordered treatmetns just to get the RN to quit paging him. 

189.  0.5cc InfluVentolin

Symptom;  General malaise

Diagnosis:  Influenza

Frequency:  One amp

Effect:  The influenza virus binds with the Ventolin and is exhaled by patient.  A famous advertising slogan for this new medicine is:  "In flew Enza, in flew Ventolin, out flew influenza."

190.  Ventolin MRSA

Symptoms:  General

Diagnosis:  Spontaneous MRSA, usually patient who has been in hspital at least a week

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Ventolin leaves lungs and hunts down MRSA bugs and eats them up.  Okay, so this isn't true, but we don't know what else to do, so we might as well annoy RT.

191.  Ventolin PIA

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  Pain in the ass patient (PIA)

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  This is a medicine like Duoneb, ni which it is a mixture of Becausolin and Leavemyassaloneolin.  The theory is that if the patient is a PIA, we need to get RT involved (see RN Rule #64)

192.  Toolateolin

Symptom:  Varying critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  See list in the effects section below

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  Most effective treatment for hopeless conditions.  Use should be initiated by RN only.  Drug has demonstrated no untoward effect when used for pulmonating edema, pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, severe chest trauma, upper airway obstruction, nor agonal breathing.  Like Xopenex, this drug comes ni varying doses for cardiopulmonary arrest, v-tach, prolonged apnea, multi-system failrue, end stage mets, pulmonary infarct, rigor mortis or any other condition threatening imminent mortality

Note:  Technically speaking, this should be alternated with Fuckonex, but at this point which medicine you use is basically a crapshoot anyway, but we gotta do something.

193.  Tryagainolin

Symptom:  Varying critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  SGD, HGD, STD

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  A version of Toolatolin (as described above).  Used continuous for prolonged periods should result in relief for all involved, with exception of patient and RT. 

Note:  Repeated use on multiple patients of Toolateolin, Waytoolatolin, or tryagainolin may result in changes.  Normally witty RTs may respond to reasonable treatment requests with caustic cynicism.  Normally, cynical RTs may respond to idiot requests with unconcealed anger.  Normally, angry RTs may become despondent and resort to tears after self mutilating their heads on teh closest brick wall.

194.  Waytoolateolin

Symptom:  Very critical symptoms from grim to post CPR

Diagnosis:  SGD, HGD, STD

Frequency:  Continuous

Effect:  A version of Toolateolin (as described above).  Used continuous for prolonged periods should result in relief of all involved, with exception of patient and RT. 

Further precautions:  Treatments with Toolateolin, Muchtoolateolin and Waytoolateolin must be carefully documented.  Charted comments such as "this treatment was a worthless waste of time," or "patient remained apneic post treatment," may prove to be uncomfortable for doctors, RNs and RT department supervisors resulting in further unenhanced working conditions or threatened continued employment. 

195.  Muchtoolateolin

Symptom:  Apnea, flatline

Diagnosis:  Death

Frequency:  continuous

Effect:  May help bring the patinet back. 

196.  0.5cc MI-olin

Symptoms:  Chset pain maybe, hypoxemia, EKG that shows elevated ST segment, No respiratory distress.  May present with low SpO2 (75%) which increases with NRB

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q1 (may repeat)

Effect:  The medicine diffuses across the pulmonary membranes, to the bloodstream, and works its way to the heart, increasing the affinity of oxygen to necrotic tissue.  It also dissolves clots in the coronary arteries.  This should be followed by a STAT EKG, which should show that what was previously thought to be an MI is now.  RT will cringe about the treatment, and groan about the oxygen boost fixing the patient.

Note:  Should alternate with coronoryolin and angioplastybuterol

197.  Angioplastybuterol

Symptoms:  Chest pain maybe, hypoxemia, EKG shows elevated ST segment, No respiratory distress.  May present with low SpO2 (75%) which increases with NRB.

Diagnosis:  General, MI

Frequency:  Q1 (may repeat)

Effect:  The Ventolin molecules shrink to 1 micron and travel across the alveolar capillary regions, through the bloodsteam and back to the heart where they collect around the clot and build-up over time. After a while there will be enough ventolin molecules in front of the clot that the artery will dilate.  This will negate the need for a balloon angioplasty or any other annoying test for the patient. 

Note:  Should alternate with MI-olin and S

198.  Insulinolin

Symptoms:  Various. Basically doctor has no clue

Diagnosis:  Various

Frequency:  Various

Effect:  The patient's just not right, so we better just do a treatment.  Who cares that the patient's insulin is 40.

199.  Insulinex

Same as Insulinolin except the deletion of the R-Isomer makes the Albuterol molecule more slick and provides quicker access to the body.

200.  Mucobuterol

Symptom:  Crackles in one base, mild sob, perhaps a dry, harsh barking, nonproductive cough

Diagnosis:  Mostly pneumonia, but possibly a little pulmonary edema

Frequency:  Q1 and then again in an hour and then an hour after that and an hour after that... until patient is good enough to no longer need the ER

Effect:  Why waste your time writing the order for mucomyst with Ventolin when all you need to do is order mucobuterol, which works more quickly adn easily than mucomyst.  The bonds of Albuterol blend in with the mucous and the receptor cells of the Albuterol turn into little tiny scissors and chop up the mucous to make it easy to cough up. 

Note:  Usually patient will be discharged to home without being able to expectorate anything, but that doesn't mean the therapy might not work at some point in the couple weeks.

201.  Angioplastybuterol

Symptom:  CP, EKG changes, ST elevation, pt denies any distress whatsoever, patient may present with low SpO2 that increases with NRB. 

Diagnosis:  MI

Frequency:  Q1

Effect:  This med must be given just prior and immediately after placing patient on NRB.  Repeat EKG will show that ST elevation is gone.  RT will grumble this is result of oxygen boost, but we know it was the treatment.  By some magic power Albuterol now is capable of dissolving a clot in the coronary arteries and fixing an MI

202.  Sputum-thinner-olin

Symptom:  Denies SOB, Dr. wants a sputum specimin. Spo2 mid 80s

Diagnosis:  Who knows

Frequency:  Q1 hour in ER until patient is admitted to floor or discharged to home

Effect:  It works more powerfully than mucomyst to thin secretions that really don't need thinning.  It's also supposed to increase the sat, although it doesn't increase the sat (the oxygen does).  Okay, well, this is too complicated to explain to an RT.  So, just give them this line and listen to them grumble and groan:  "Because her sats were in the mid 80s, I thought a treatment would help with that.  I also think she has thick sputum, and the treatment might loosen things up a bit."  Just memorize that line.

203 Procedurecountuterol

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q4 ever

Effect:  Creates work for RT so they don't have to file for unemployment

204.  Apneabuterol

Symptom:  Apnea, stridor, snoring, grunting with inspiration instead of getting air

Diagnosis:  Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Frequency:  Q1 post operative

Effect:  The patient is grunting with inspiration and not breathing adequately so the patient must be having bronchospasm.  May alternate with postopenepherine (see above).

205.  Ipso facto buterol

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  General

Effect:  Ipso facto is a Latin phrase that means "by the fact itself."  This means that an effect is a direct consequence of an action.  For example, the ordering of Albuterol for all annoying lungsounds and all shortness of breath is ipso facto stupid because it's done as a cover for something else, such as lack of intelligence.  In this way the act (the ordering of albuterol) puts the actions of the doctor in question. 

206.  Muco-hopo-myst

Symptom:  None apparent, doctor not sure what to do for patient

Diagnosis:  Doctor not sure

Frequency:  Every other treatment

Effect:  The idea here is if one medicine is good adding a second medicine is great and adding three is even better.  What else can we throw at the patient.  We throw everything we have at the patient and hope something works, and then we give credit to the nebulized medicine.

207.  Ciliabuterol

Symptom:  congested airway, trouble breathing

Diagnosis:  Aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  The albuterol rains out on the cilia in order to increase ciliary action.  This rainout works like watering a vegetable garden, and causes the cilia (like vegetables) to grow full and thick and function well.  This allows for improved mucociliary clearance.

208.  B2 Uterol

Symptom:  Rapid onset dyspnea

Diagnosis:  Emphysema, pneumothorax

Frequency:  Continuous for one hour

Effect:  If you give the treatment long enough you'll assure there are at least two beta adrenergics sitting on each beta adrenergic receptors. The goal is that once the chest tube is inserted the air will come out twice as fast (b2 = beta *2 or twice the effect)

209.  Virtigobuterol: 

Symptom:  Virtigo

Diagnosis:  Virtigo

Frequency:  Once is plenty.

Effect:  Ventolin grabs CO2 and holds tight and goes along for ride acoss blood brain barrier to steady the infrastructure in your head so you don't feel like your movin no more.  It also can be squirted in the ear to relieve virtigo caused by inflammation  of the inner ear. 

210.  Flatulin

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  Any post op

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Gives em gas eventually.  Helps get the bowel's moving.  It's a gas.  Given post op to get 'em farten.


211.  Achoobuterol

Symptom:  Sneeze

Diagnosis:  Allergies

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:   None noted, yet it sounded like a cool name.  Maybe the mist spewing from your mouth has some bronchodilitating properties.  Ah, probably not. 

212.  ASID-userol

Symptoms:  Shortness of breath, rapid deep breathing,

Diagnosis:  Metabolic Acidosis

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  All metabolic acidosis conditions must be treated with ASID (Albuterol Solves Increment Disorders).

 213.  RT Buterol

Symptom:  Pt doesnt' look quite right

Diagnosis:  Faux Pneumonia

Frequency:  Q4 and 2prn

Effect:  The fake diagnosis of pneumonia automatically requires RT to be in room every 4-6 hours to assess patient.  May alternate with assessuterol. 

213.  NFR buterol

Symptom:  Inconventiently low spo2

Diagnosis:  Post op patient who was supposed to go home two hours ago but can't because the dog gone sat won't go up higher than 88 percent.

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  No F-ing reason for the treatment the surgeon was getting tired of watching the pulse ox and finally realized he couldnt' wish it higher so a breathing treatment was the only option left that he could think of.  Hah, this way the RT can take over watching the pulse ox monitor.  This sort of plays along the old theory:  When in doubt, call RT.

214.  Infiltratuterol 

Symptom:  Inconveniently low SpO2

Diagnosis:  Post op patient who was supposed to go home two hours ago but can't because the dog gone sat won't go up higher than 88 percent and we've already tried NFR buterol and it didn't do any good.

Frequency:  Once after trial of NFR buterol and X-ray taken

Effect:  The X-Ray surprisingly showed new infiltrate so -- based on the x-ray alone -- the patient MUST have Albuterol.  Note:   Infiltrate in this case must also mean bronchospasm.  It has absolutely nothing to do with overloading the patient with fluid during surgery.  ABG must be ordered 30 minutes after bronchodilator to check efficacy of therapy

215.  X-Ray Buterol 

Symptom:  Low SpO2, respiratory distress,

Diagnosis:  Faux pneumonia, fulmonating pulmonary edema, pedal edema, post operative with invonveniently low spo2, inexplicable dyspnea

Frequency:  Q once

Effect:  Observation of inexplicable infiltrates on x-ray means Albuterol must be indicated.

216.  ABGuterol

Symptoms:  Abnormal ABG

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  So the ABG wasn't normal Albuterol must be indicated.  ABG must be repeated one hour after ABGuterol.  Note:  Such an order is proven to cause RT to get the ABGbies.

217.  Advairuterol

Symptom:  NARDN

Diagnosis:  pre operative, general

Frequency:  Once

Effect:  The patient forgot his Advair so Ventilin is indicated just prior to the surgery.

218.  1.25 Slowpenex

Symptom:  Rapid heart rate

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q6

Effect:  Cardiac muscle has a high affinity for this inhaled medicine.  It has the soothing ability to talk the heart down to a rythm doctors like.  It should slow down within 4-8 hours, or at least by the time the patient is discharged.  Medicine must be continuously in system to have a chance to work, so most experts recommend a dosage every six hours.  Most studies show the heart rate should be slowed down by the 5th treatment, but just in case the order should be maintained until patient discharge.

219.  Ipatropium Slowmide

Symptom:  Rapid heart rate

Diagnosis:  COPD, general

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Generally used in conjunction with slowpenex.  Ipatropium slowmide has this uncanny ability to conjoin with slowpenex molecules to speed up it's effect in slowing the heart.

220.  Fastuterol

Symptom:  Slow heart rate

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:

Effect: 

221.  Slopenex (not to be confused with slowpenex)

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q4-6 ATC

Effect:  Helps create a sliding scale whereby the doctor can adjust the SpO2 to the preferred slope along the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve.  Ideal for CO2 retainers.

222.  Conincidentonex

Symptom:  High heart rate, dyspnea with exertion

Diagnosis:  CHF, pericardio effesion, asthma, COPD, atrial fibrillation

Frequency:  Q6

Effect:  Patient presents with high heartrate due to exacerbation of disease process and has received one or more amps of Albuterol.  A simple change from Albuterol to Xopenex and the heart rate will eventually, coincidentally go down.  We must give credit to the Xopenex for the decrease in heart rate.

223.  Coincidentonex

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  COPD/CHF, pericardioeffusion,

Frequency:  Q4-6

Effect:  Must be given in conjunction with diuretic.  Study showed 100 patients given diuretic and ventolin together eventually got better, and credit is given every time to the bronchodilator. 

224.  Good-to-the-last-drop-uterol

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  COPD

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Must puff on neb until every drop of fluid mists from the cup.  Studies show medicine is gone long before last drop of water, yet psychological benefit further dilates bronchioles.

225.  Pericardioeffusolin

Symptom:  Dyspnea

Diagnosis:  Pericardoeffusion

Frequency:  Q6 ATC

Effect:  By powers unbenownsed to RTs Albuterol particles somehow work to absorb fluid from pericardial sac to decrease dyspnea.  Note:  Dyspnea may not be reduced, but this doesn't mean medicine isn't working.  May alternate with absorbolin because one or the other might work.

226.  Babysittolin

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  At least Q6

Effect:  It's essential that if the doctor thinks the patient bears watching aerosolized medicine must be ordered at a regular frequency so RT can assess the patient every so often.  It gets the doctor out of having to assess the patient and takes off pressure from nurses.  The RT, in effect, babysits the patient for duration of therapy.  RTs may complain that they aren't neb jockies, yet we beg to differ.  WE KNOW BABYSITTERS are essential.

227.  Sedateuterol

Symptom:  No symptoms at all, in fact patient is lying in bed all comfortable and showing no signs of respiratory distress whatsoever

Diagnosis:  Sedated post operative, sedate due to detox

Frequency:  Q6 prn but must do treatment because RN insists

Effect:  The patient was refusing need for bronchodilator when he was awake.  Yet now that he's too sedate to speak for himself he must be having bronchospasm. 

228.  T.O. Xopenex

Symptom:  Continuous calls from RN that the patients sats are low, rhonchi, shallow breathing due to sedation

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Telephone Order (TO) Xopenex is indicated following formal assessment of the patient over the phone and the patients stated heart rate is greater than 100.

229.  T.O. Albuterol

Symptom:  Continous calls from RN that the patients sats are low, rhonchi, shallow breathing due to sedation

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Telephone Order (TO) Albuterol is indicated following formal assessment of the patient over the phone and the patient's stated herat rate is less than 100.  May alternate with ESPuterol and Assessolin

230.  R.N. Albuterol  (a.k.a. RNA)

Symptom:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Any

Effect:  The pt doesn't need the treatment but the nurse said so.  So there!!!!

231.  TB Buterol

Symptom:  none

Diagnosis:  Tumor of the cecum/ history of TB in the 1920s

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Immuno-impressive properties of the proventil prevent tuberculosis from returning

232.  Annoying LS Buterol

Symptom:  Annoying lung sounds (LS)

Diagnosis:  general

Frequency:  QID

Effect:  Patient has annoying lung sounds so patient must be treated as an asthmatic. 

Note:  A common remark from these patient's is:  "They say I'm short of breath but I feel fine."  Don't let this stump you, the patient is still having bronchospasms.

233.  PODuterol

Symptoms:  General

Diagnosis:  General

Frequency:  Q4 or greater

Effect:  POD is an acronym for pissed off doctor The only known effect is to cool off a tempered physician.

211.  Deflatuterol -- side effect pneumo

Symptom:  Dyspnea,

Diagnosis:  Emphysema

Frequency:  Q4

Effect:  Deflates overdistended alveoli

211.  Bullshituterol

Symptom:  Any

Diagnosis:  Any

Frequency: Any

Effect:  None.  No contraindications

212.  O-buterol:   Indicated for those old, toothless folks who lie around snoring through that big O. There's an old lyric that goes something like: O-buterol, O-buterol, O how I love O buterol.

213.  Aerobuterol:   The patient has good air movement so B2 agonist indicated to make sure it stays this way. May be rotated with preventolin.   May also use preventolatorolin, keepmealiveolin, or helpmecrosstheperlygatesolin. Choose the most appropriate Ventolin. 

214.  Nococomialin. Yes, that's an old one but a good one. If I remember right it works to prevent nosocomial COPD. I can't remember the action, do you?

215.  ESPreventolin: Starts dilating air passages before treatment given and even before patient admitted. Must be ordered Q1 while patient still in ambulance

216.  Peptobuterol: Indicated for dyspnea caused by bloated, rock hard stomach. Attaches to fake B2 Receptors in stomach to enhance effect of antacids. Should be ordered Q1 until discharge.

217.  PR Buterol: The mist has a special spin to convince RNs that you are not lazy and trying to get out of work.

218: Drierbuterol: Someone comes in with foaming pulmonary edema it must be given stat. Effect: Albuterol molecules turn into little hair driers and blow warm air over wet alveoli to dry them out.  Dryerbuterol?  Perhaps the fact I spelled it wrong makes it work better.

219.  VentOILin:  An oil-like substance that helps to lubricate the space between the heart and the lungs.  It's beneficial for any condition of the pleural space that causes friction, especially pleurisy.  If an EKG is ordered at the same as as VentOILin you should do the treatment first because a reduction of friction may make the EKG look smoother.  May also help with insertion of chest tubes if one dose given approximately 30 miniutes prior to procedure. 
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